PDF-(EBOOK)-The Cochlea (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research 8)

Knowledge about the structure and function of the inner ear is vital to an understanding of vertebrate hearing This volume presents a detailed overview of the mammalian cochlea from its anatomy and physiology to its biophysics and biochemistry The nine review chapters written by internationally distinguished auditory researchers provide a detailed and unified introduction to sound processing in the cochlea and the steps by which the ensuing signals are prepared for the central nervous system. 6. th. Grade Science. Parts of the Ear. The ear is divided into 3 main parts:. Outer Ear. Middle Ear. Inner Ear. The Outer Ear* . Contains: pinna (lobe), ear canal, & ear drum.. The Middle Ear*. Overview. Capabilities of the Auditory System. What does the auditory system do and how well does it do it?. Hearing Sensitivity. The faintest sound that can be detected by the human ear is so weak that it moves the ear drum a distance that is equivalent to . Tympanic Membrane. Eustachian Tube . Pinna. Auditory Nerve. Semicircular Canals. Malleus. (Hammer). Incus. (Anvil). Stapes. (Stirrup). Pinna. (also called the auricle) the visible part of the outer ear. It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal. Parts of the Ear. The ear is divided into 3 main parts:. Outer Ear. Middle Ear. Inner Ear. The Outer Ear* . Contains: pinna (lobe), ear canal, & ear drum.. The Middle Ear*. Contains 3 bones: hammer, anvil, & stirrup.. Knowledge about the structure and function of the inner ear is vital to an understanding of vertebrate hearing. This volume presents a detailed overview of the mammalian cochlea from its anatomy and physiology to its biophysics and biochemistry. The nine review chapters, written by internationally distinguished auditory researchers, provide a detailed and unified introduction to sound processing in the cochlea and the steps by which the ensuing signals are prepared for the central nervous system. This volume covers gene expression, mutations responsible for various forms of hearing loss, mapping and cloning, as well as mitochondrial and cellular genetics. The authors discuss the fundamentals of genetics so that the reader has a complete understanding of methods used in molecular genetic studies for hearing research. Chapters are also included on the uses of mouse models, genetic epidemiology and genetic counseling specifically for hearing disorders Efferent sensory systems have emerged as major components of processing by the central nervous system. Whereas the afferent sensory systems bring environmental information into the brain, efferent systems function to monitor, sharpen, and attend selectively to certain stimuli while ignoring others. This ability of the brain to implement these functions enables the organism to make fine discriminations and to respond appropriately to environmental conditions so that survival is enhanced. Our focus will be on auditory and vestibular efferents, topics linked together by the inner ear connection. The biological utility of the efferent system is striking. How it functions is less well understood, and with each new discovery, more questions arise. The book that is proposed here reflects our vision to share what is known on the topic by authors who actually have made the observations. The function of vertebrate hearing is served by a surprising variety of sensory structures in the different groups of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This book discusses the origin, specialization, and functional properties of sensory hair cells, beginning with environmental constraints on acoustic systems and addressing in detail the evolutionary history behind modern structure and function in the vertebrate ear. Taking a comparative approach, chapters are devoted to each of the vertebrate groups, outlining the transition to land existence and the further parallel and independent adaptations of amniotic groups living in air. The volume explores in depth the specific properties of hair cells that allowed them to become sensitive to sound and capable of analyzing sounds into their respective frequency components. Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System is directed to a broad audience of biologists and clinicians, from the level of advanced undergraduate students to professionals interested in learning more about the evolution, structure, and function of the ear. Ear. The ear converts changes in pressure in the air to changes in the electrical activity of neurons. . The . human ear can detect sound frequencies between 20 and 20 000 Hz.. Anatomists distinguish the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The function of vertebrate hearing is served by a surprising variety of sensory structures in the different groups of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This book discusses the origin, specialization, and functional properties of sensory hair cells, beginning with environmental constraints on acoustic systems and addressing in detail the evolutionary history behind modern structure and function in the vertebrate ear. Taking a comparative approach, chapters are devoted to each of the vertebrate groups, outlining the transition to land existence and the further parallel and independent adaptations of amniotic groups living in air. The volume explores in depth the specific properties of hair cells that allowed them to become sensitive to sound and capable of analyzing sounds into their respective frequency components. Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System is directed to a broad audience of biologists and clinicians, from the level of advanced undergraduate students to professionals interested in learning more about the evolution, structure, and function of the ear. Perspectives on Auditory Research celebrates the last two decades of the Springer Handbook in Auditory Research. Contributions from the leading experts in the field examine the progress made in auditory research over the past twenty years, as well as the major questions for the future. Birds and reptiles have long fascinated investigators studying hearing and the auditory system. The highly evolved auditory inner ear of birds and reptiles shares many characteristics with the ear of mammals. Thus, the two groups are essential in understanding the form and function of the vertebrate and mammalian auditory systems. Comparative Hearing: Birds and Reptiles covers the broad range of our knowledge of hearing and acoustic communication in both groups of vertebrates. This volume addresses the many similarities in their auditory systems, as well as the known significant differences about hearing in the two groups. The Lateral Line System provides an overview of the key concepts and issues surrounding the development, evolution, neurobiology, and function of the lateral line, a fascinating yet somewhat enigmatic flow-sensing system. The book examines the historical precedence for linking the auditory and lateral line systems, its structure and development, use of the lateral line system of zebrafish as a model system, physical principles governing the response properties of the lateral line, the behavioral relevance of this sensory system to the lives of fish, and an examination of how this information is shaped and encoded by the peripheral and central nervous systems.ContentsThe Gems of the Past: A Brief History of Lateral Line Research in the Context of the Hearing Sciences - Sheryl Coombs and Horst BleckmannMorphological Diversity, Development, and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System - Jacqueline F. WebbThe Hydrodynamic of Flow Stimuli - Matthew J. McHenry and James C. LiaoThe Biophysics of the Fish Lateral Line - Sietse M. van Netten and Matthew J. McHenrySensory Ecology and Neuroethology of the Lateral Line - John Montgomery, Horst Bleckmann, and Sheryl CoombsInformation Encoding and Processing by the Peripheral Lateral Line System - Boris Philippe Chagnaud and Sheryl CoombsThe Central Nervous Organization of the Lateral Line System - Mario F. Wullimann and Benedikt GrotheCentral Processing of Lateral Line Information - Horst Bleckmann and Joachim MogdansFunctional Overlap and Nonoverlap Between Lateral Line and Auditory Systems - Christopher B. Braun and Olav SandThe Hearing Loss, Protection, and Regeneration in the Larval Zebrafish Lateral Line- Allison B. Coffin, Heather Brignull, David W. Raible, and Edwin W Rubel