Objectives 1 What is cervical cancer 2 Who gets cervical cancer 3 Can it be prevented 4 What treatment is available Quiz time Which viral infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer ID: 913375
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Slide1
Cervical cancer & screening
Slide2Objectives
1. What is cervical cancer?
2. Who gets cervical cancer?
3. Can it be prevented?
4. What treatment is available?
Slide3Quiz time!
Which viral infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer?
HIV
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Herpes
Slide4Quiz time!
Which viral infection is associated with cervical cancer?
HIV
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Herpes
HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that is linked to almost 100% of cases of cervical cancer
Slide5Cervical cancer cannot be prevented.
True
False
Cervical cancer only affects older women.
True
False
Slide6Cervical cancer cannot be prevented.
True
False
Cervical cancer only affects older women.
True
False
Cervical screening can help prevent cervical cancer
60% of cases are in women aged 25-49
Slide7What is the cervix?
Cervix means “neck” in
L
atin! It is the neck of the womb/uterus
Slide81. What is cervical cancer?
- Cancer that affects the surface of the cervix
- 1 in 135 women will be diagnosed in their lifetime
Slide9How does a virus cause cancer?
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most important cause of cervical cancer
Body
usually fights the virus, BUT
HPV infection
is very
common (1 in 3 people have HPV)
Whether HPV causes cancer depends on the strain of HPV (commonly 16 and 18).
A different strain can
cause warts but
not cervical cancer
All girls aged 12-13 should be vaccinated against HPV
Barrier contraception
How can we minimise the risk?
Slide102. Factors that increase your risk
Women with multiple sexual partners
Smoking
Missing smears (biggest risk factor!)
60% of cases around the world happen in women who have never been screened!
Slide11Busting myths
Myth #1
Cervical cancer cannot be prevented
Cervical cancer is
one of the most preventable
cancers!
It
is unique in that there is an early
pre-cancer
stage that can be picked up by
screening
This can then be treated
Slide12The screening programme
Number of cases has decreased by a third!
If you live in England, you will get your first invite at age 25
You will be asked every 3 years up until age 49
Woman aged 49 – 64 are checked every 5 years
Slide13Myth #2
I have no symptoms so I don’t need to worry about going for screening
Screening is used to detect changes within the cervix that have a risk of developing into cancer
If left untreated, these cells are at greater risk of becoming cancerous
Abnormal cells can be detected long before any symptoms develop, which is why screening is so important!
Symptoms to look out for include:
Bleeding in between periods
Bleeding after sex
Unpleasant discharge
Slide14Myth #3
Cervical cancer only affects older women
Slide15In fact…
The number of women being diagnosed with cervical cancer aged 25-29 has more than doubled in recent years
WHY?
Slide16Only 63.5% of 25-29 year olds have a smear
Slide17There are many reasons why people may not attend
‘Smear tests are embarrassing’
‘I worry that a smear test will be painful
’
‘I’m scared of what a smear test might find
’
Slide18What to expect
Slide19What you might be told after a smear
Remember: an abnormal result does not necessarily mean you have cancer!
95% of tests will show normal cells
Normal
Abnormal
?HPV
POSITIVE/NEGATIVE
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