Phylum Apicomplexa Class Sporozoea Subclass Coccidia Family Cryptosporiidae Genus Cryptosporidium Species parvum Introduction Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoan parasite ID: 911921
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Slide1
Cryptosporidium species
Slide2Classification
:
Phylum :
Apicomplexa
Class:
Sporozoea
Subclass :
Coccidia
Family:
Cryptosporiidae
Genus
: Cryptosporidium
Species :
parvum
Slide3Introduction
Cryptosporidium
is a coccidian protozoan parasite
It is associated with municipal water supplies which causes diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
parvum
causes the disease
Cryptosporidiosis
.
Slide4Introduction con…
Definitive Host:
Human
Reservoir Hosts:
kittens, puppies, goats, calves, mice
# It is a
zoonotic
disease and can travel from animals to humans.
Slide5Geographical Distribution:
World wide in temperate and tropical zone
Slide6DR. RAAFAT MOHAMED
Slide7Development of
Cryptosporidium
in human body
Meront with merozoites
♂
♀
Zygote
Thick-walled oocysts
External autoinfection
Thin-walled oocysts
Internal autoinfection
Sporozoite
attack brush border of epithelial cells
Merogony (asexual reproduction)
Gametogony (sexual reproduction)
gametocyte
DR. RAAFAT MOHAMED
Slide8Symptoms
Some individuals can be asymptomatic
Incubation
period 2-10
days
Symptoms include:
Stomach cramps, pain, watery diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting, fever.
Immuno
-competent individuals: 1-2 weeks
Immuno-compromised individuals: longer (months, even years!)
Slide9Diagnosis:
Stool analysis is done by:
1- Direct smear method.
2- Concentration method using
Shaether’s
sugar floatation technique
Oocysts
are seen by:
Staining stool smear with modified
Ziehl
Neelsen
stain.
Slide10Microscopy with an acid fast stained stool smear
Enzyme immunoassay
for greatest sensitivity and specificity
Molecular methods using
PCR
Immunofluorescence
assay
.
Slide11Treatment
Immunocompetent
: self-limited
Immunocompromized
:
Paromomycin
(
Cryptosporidium
)
Slide12Control Methods:
Water purification and filtration
Routine testing
Use of 1 micron filter to remove cysts
Boil water
Drink
bottled water
when traveling
abroad.
Educate
public.
Wash hands
frequently.
Slide13Interesting Facts
Cryptosporidium
is
resistant
to chlorine.
Cannot be infected by blood exposure
The
Oocysts
are resistant to most chemical disinfectants, but are susceptible to drying and the ultraviolet portion of
sunlight.
Slide14Any question?
Slide15Isospora belli
Slide16Classification:
Phylum:
Apicomplexa
Class
:
Conoidasida
Family
:
Sarcocystidae
Genus
:
Cystoisospora
Species: C. belli
Cystoisospora belli(Wenyon
, 1923)Synonyms: Isospora belli
Slide17Background
Like
Cryptosporidium
but less common
Worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas
Infection occurs in
immunodepressed
individuals
.
Outbreaks have been reported in institutionalized groups in the United States
Slide18Lifecycle
At time of excretion, the immature oocyst contains usually one sporoblast
Further maturation
the sporoblast divides in two
the sporoblasts secrete a cyst wall, thus becoming sporocysts
and the sporocysts divide twice to produce four sporozoites each
Slide19Slide20Development of
Isospora
in human body
merozoites
♂
♀
Zygote
Sporozoite
enters epithelial cells
gametocyte
Unsporulated oocyst
Pass in stool of the patient
Sporulated oocyst Infective stage
Autoinfection MAY OCCUR
DR. RAAFAT MOHAMED
Slide21Isosporiosis
acute, non bloody diarrhoea with crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss
In immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhoea can be severe
Slide22Lab. diagnosis
Specimen: stool
Microscopic demonstration of the large, typically shaped
oocysts
repeated stool examinations and concentration procedures are recommended.
examination of duodenal specimens by biopsy or string test
Slide23Stool wet preparation.
Immature
oocyst
with on
sporoplast
and mature
oocyst
with two
sporocysts
(each contains 4
sporozoites
Oocyst
: 25-30 mm. Usual range, 28-30 mm
Slide24Slide25Slide26Slide27References:
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention(CDC)
Monica
Cheesbrough
(volume 1)
DR
. RAAFAT
MOHAMED