English Final Exam R eview 2017 Academic Vocabulary Analyze: closely examine to gain - PowerPoint Presentation

English Final Exam Review 2017

Academic Vocabulary Analyze: closely examine to gain a deep understanding Author’s purpose: author’s reason for writing on topic. The purpose may be to entertain, inform, persuade, or a combination. Main idea: important or central thought of a text. Claim: an arguable point to support a position on a topic. Counterargument: a argument that is opposed to your position or reasoning. Ethical appeal: support in an argument that is based on fairness or author’s reputation. Emotional appeal (appeal to pity): support in an argument that is based on audience’s emotions. Testimonial: a written or spoken statement of support for a product or a position. Bandwagon appeal: an appeal that targets the audience’s need to do what is popular. Tone: writer’s attitude Irony: a situation that is contrary or opposite to expectations Text structure: the way a text is organized. Text structures included chronological or sequential, descriptive, compare/contrast, cause/effect, and problem solution.

Author’s Purpose Our criminal justice system today is a disgrace. Modern day criminals have more rights than an honest citizen ever imagined were written into our U.S. Constitution. Murderers and rapists are typically set free on legal technicalities and seldom face any jail time. While that scum is back to work finding new victims, the pleas of those they have killed, maimed, or violated go unheard. Until we begin giving some real consideration to people who obey the law, instead of those who break it, things are going to continue getting worse. The author’s purpose is to describe the actions of the criminals. compare criminals with honest citizens. inform the reader about the extent of crime in America. criticize our criminal justice system. D

Main Idea There is a common belief that while the dog is man’s best friend, the coyote is his worst enemy. The bad reputation of the coyote traces back to his fondness for small animals; he hunts at night and is particularly destructive to sheep, young pigs, and poultry. Yet it is sometimes wise to encourage coyotes. Provided valuable farm animals are protected, the coyote will often free the property of other animals, like rabbits, which are ruinous to crops and certain trees. He is especially beneficial in keeping down the rodent population. Where coyotes have been allowed to do their work without molestation, ranchers and fruit growers have found them so valuable that they would no more shoot them than they would shoot their dogs. Under certain conditions the coyote is helpful to man. T he coyote is feared because of his fondness for small animals Modern ranchers would no sooner shoot coyotes than they would shoot dogs. The coyote usually prefers rabbits and other rodents to sheep and poultry . A

Claim and Counterargument Claim: Cell phones can help the learning process. Many phones have Internet access. This can be useful if a classroom has limited Internet access and students need to research something quickly. Many phones also have cameras, and students may remember notes on the board or class projects better if they can review a picture of them. Counterargument: Some people might say that teachers won’t be able to regulate how students are using their phones. However, if students understand that using their cell phones in class is a privilege and not a right, they will not take advantage of it.

Ethical Appeal Which one of the following appeals is not ethical? “Some students have money to purchase designer clothes while others do not, so uniforms are a great equalizer.“ " You know me – I’ve taught Sunday School at your church for years, babysat your children, and served as a playground director for many summers .“ “I am a single parent with three mouths to feed and one paycheck away from homelessness.” " Our expertise in roofing contracting is evidenced not only by our 100 years in the business and our staff of qualified technicians, but in the decades of satisfied customers who have come to expect nothing but the best .“ C

Emotional Appeal Which one of the following emotional appeals taps into fear? I am a single parent, solely responsible for the financial support of my children. If you give me this traffic ticket, I will lose my license and be unable to drive to work . My dad is the chief of police, so you should really reconsider handing out a ticket to his first-born son. If I cannot work, my children and I will become homeless and may starve to death . C

Tone Which tone is represented in the following passage?  Ugh ! Do I really have to sit through another boring lecture on data entry again. Calm Annoyed Scary   Excited B

Irony The opposite of what is expected. Why is this ironic?

Irony The opposite of what is expected. Why is this ironic?

Text Structure chronological or sequential Descriptive compare/contrast cause/effect problem solution. A Jane Goodall’s work with chimpanzees has changed the world’s attitudes towards our closest cousins. In 1957, she first went to Africa to observe chimpanzees in the wild and discovered their ability to make tools. Several years later, Goodall learned more about chimp society, documenting its complexity and even its brutality. After many years of research, Goodall presented her observations in a the book, Shadow of Man. Her work showed the world the intelligence of chimpanzees.

Text Structure chronological or sequential Descriptive compare/contrast cause/effect problem solution. C Chimpanzees are closely related but there are important distinctions between the two species. Both humans and chimps have large brains and opposable thumbs. Similar to humans, chimps can use their intelligence and dexterity to create and use tools. But there are key differences between chimpanzees and humans. Chimpanzees are much stronger and lift more weight. Also, humans have a spoken language unlike chimps which do not have a vocal tract to produce speech.

Text Structure chronological or sequential Descriptive compare/contrast cause/effect problem solution. E While the chimpanzee’s future is uncertain, conservation agencies are stepping in to fight the many threats. One challenge is to find and stop poachers. Agencies such as the Jane Goodall Institute are addressing this problem by pushing for stronger anti-poaching laws. Another way to address the poaching concern is to help local governments train and equip law enforcement officers to catch poachers. Also, promoting eco-tourism may offer promise. If tourists pay a great deal to see chimpanzees in their natural habitats, locals can be convinced that chimps are worth more alive than on their plates. These are just a few of the ways that conservation agencies are offering hope for the chimpanzees of Africa.

Grammar Portion Subject/verb agreement Pronoun usage Punctuation: commas, semi-colon, colon, dashes, quotation marks

1. Which one of the lines, if any, has an error? China , a country with many people , grow lots of rice, and many countries import it . No error b . “grow” should be “grows”

2. Which one of the lines, if any, has an error? This box of old, fragile Christmas ornaments belong in the attic, but my dad is too busy to move it. No error C . “belong” should be “belongs ”

3. Which one of the lines, if any, has an error? The earliest computers were quite expensive, and people paid a great deal of money for machines that do very little. No error D . “do” should be “did”

4. Which one of the lines, if any, has an error? Although him and her fight a lot , my mother and father agree on the things that matter. No error A . “him and her” should be “he and she”

5. Which one of the lines, if any, has an error? Last Friday at the football game, my friends and me ate too many snacks. No error B . “me” should be “I”

6 . Which sentence should include a colon? I have taken many art courses including sculpting, painting, and woodcutting . I applied to grad schools in New York, Massachusetts, and Hawaii . My bucket list include these top destinations Rome, Paris, Prague, and Barcelona. C

7. Which sentence should include a semi-colon? He knocked several times but no one came to the door . He knocked several times no one came to the door . Since no one answered he knocked several more times. B

8 . Which sentence is punctuated correctly? At the restaurant; we could choose from salad, soup, or fruit cup for a starter; beef, chicken, or salmon for the main course; and chocolate mousse, strawberry shortcake, or ice cream for dessert . At the restaurant, we could choose from salad, soup, or fruit cup for a starter; beef, chicken, or salmon for the main course; and chocolate mousse, strawberry shortcake, or ice cream for dessert . At the restaurant, we could choose from salad, soup, or fruit cup for a starter, beef, chicken, or salmon for the main course, and chocolate mousse, strawberry shortcake, or ice cream for dessert. B

9. Which sentence uses commas correctly? Successful students know that keys to success are, doing their homework, listening to instruction, and never giving up. Many students forget to write down assignments, are very busy at home with sports, or they get discouraged easily. These students would do well to, establish a routine of doing homework right after school, ask teachers for extra help when needed, and stay positive. B

10. Which sentence should have dashes? Mr . Timmons my neighbor of seven years was just diagnosed with cancer recently . Butch my eleven-year-old beagle chews holes in the living room carpeting as if he were still a puppy . Barry if you could believe him told us that he would help set up for the party. C