/
Introduction to Medical Terminology Introduction to Medical Terminology

Introduction to Medical Terminology - PowerPoint Presentation

stefany-barnette
stefany-barnette . @stefany-barnette
Follow
633 views
Uploaded On 2017-01-14

Introduction to Medical Terminology - PPT Presentation

Chapter 1 Word Parts Are the Key Understanding word parts and how they work together to form medical terms will reinforce your wordbuilding skills Most word parts in medical terminology are of Latin origin ID: 509863

terms word medical suffixes word terms suffixes medical parts suffix combining root vowel meaning alike surgical double describe begins

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Introduction to Medical Terminology" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Chapter 1

Introduction to Medical Terminology

Ehrlich/Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, 8th Edition. © 2018 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.Slide2

Word Parts Are the Key

Understanding word parts and how they work together to form medical terms will reinforce your word-building skills

Most word parts in medical terminology are of Latin originOthers are of Greek origin, or other languagesSlide3

Four Types of Word Parts

Word root

(Example, gastr: stomach)Combining form(Example, gastr/o)Suffix(Example, -itis)

Prefix

(Example, hyper-)Slide4

Word PartsSlide5

Word Roots

Cannot stand alone

Basic meaning of the wordUsually describe the part of the body that is involvedSuffixes are placed at the end of the word rootPrefixes are placed at the beginning of the word rootSlide6

Combining Forms

Include a vowel, usually an "o," added to the end of a word root

Aids in pronunciationIn combining two word roots, a combining form is added to the first word rootCombining form is used at the end of the second word root if the suffix begins with a vowelSlide7

Word Roots/Combining FormsSlide8

Suffixes

(1 of 4)

Added at the end of a word to complete the termMay indicate a procedure, condition, disorder, or diseaseSlide9

Suffixes

(2 of 4)

A combining vowel is used when suffix begins with a consonantExample, neuroplastyWhen joining neur/o (nerve) with suffix -plasty (surgical repair), combining vowel "o" is used because suffix begins with a consonantSlide10

Suffixes

(3 of 4)

A combining vowel is not used when suffix begins with a vowelExample, tonsillitisWhen joining tonsill (tonsils) with suffix -itis (inflammation), combining vowel "o" is

not

used because suffix begins with a vowelSlide11

Suffixes

(4 of 4)Slide12

Suffixes as Noun Endings

Suffix may change a word root into a noun

Noun: person, place, or thingExample, craniumcrani: skull-um: noun endingSlide13

Suffixes that Mean "Pertaining To"

Suffixes may change the meaning of word root into an adjective

Adjective: defines or describesExample, cardiaccardi: heart-ac: pertaining toSlide14

Suffixes that Mean "Abnormal Condition or Disease"

Suffixes may be used to change the meaning of a wood root to describe an abnormal condition

Example, gastrosisgastr: stomach-osis: abnormal condition or diseaseSlide15

Suffixes Related to Pathology

Suffixes may be used to describe a disease

Pathology: study of all aspects of diseaseExamples:-algia: pain and suffering-itis: inflammation-megaly: enlargementSlide16

Suffixes Related to Procedures

Suffix may be used to describe a procedure

Examples:-centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid-graphy: producing a picture or record-scopy: visual examinationSlide17

The "Double R" Suffixes

(1 of 5)

Suffixes that begin with two of the letter "r"Greek originStudy them and learn the differencesSlide18

The "Double R" Suffixes

(2 of 5)

-rrhage and -rrhagia: bleedingMostly used to describe sudden, severe bleedingExample,Hemorrhage: the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

(hem/o: blood; -rrhage: abnormal excessive fluid discharge)Slide19

The "Double R" Suffixes

(3 of 5)

-rrhaphy: surgical suturingExample:Myorrhaphy: the surgical suturing of a muscle wound(my/o: muscle; -rrhaphy: surgical suturing)Slide20

The "Double R" Suffixes

(4 of 5)

-rrhea: flow or discharge of body fluidsExample:Diarrhea: the frequent flow of loose or watery stools(dia-: through; -rrhea: flow or discharge)Slide21

The "Double R" Suffixes

(5 of 5)

-rrhexis: ruptureExample,myorrhexis: the rupture of a musclemy/o: muscle; -rrhexis: ruptureSlide22

Prefixes

(1 of 2)

Added at the beginning of a wordUsually indicates location, time, or numberExamples,Prenatal: before birth(pre-: before; nat: birth; -al: pertaining to)Slide23

Prefixes

(2 of 2)Slide24

Contrasting and Confusing Prefixes

May have similar spellings, but different meanings

Examples,ab-: away fromad-: towardinter-: between or amongintra-: within or insideSlide25

Determining Meanings on the Basis of the Word Parts

Knowing the meaning of the word parts often makes it possible to figure out the definition of an unfamiliar medical term.Slide26

Taking Terms Apart

(1 of 4)

First, separate into word partsStart from the suffix and move toward the beginning, identifying the meaning of each partDetermine the context in which the term is used; some word parts may have more than one meaningSlide27

Taking Terms Apart

(2 of 4)

Refer to medical dictionary or trusted online source to double-check your definitionBe aware, not all terms are made up of word partsSlide28

Taking Terms Apart

(3 of 4)

Example,OtorhinolaryngologySuffix -ology: the study ofWord root

laryng

: larynx or throat

Combining vowel is

not used

here because word root is joining a suffix that begins with a vowel

Combining form

rhin/o

: nose

Combining vowel

is used

here because word root

rhin

is joining another word rootSlide29

Taking Terms Apart

(4 of 4)Slide30

Guessing at Meanings

Attempt to decide the meaning of the word

Always double-check for accuracy because some terms have more than one meaningSlide31

Medical Dictionary Use

Assists with mastering correct use of medical terms

Guidelines:Review user guide, table of contents, and appendicesCheck the medical term alphabeticallyCheck each letter, since similar spellings may have different meanings

Check all the definitions listedSlide32

Searching for Definitions on the Internet

Only use reliable Web sites

Refer to at least two Web sitesBe aware of search termsDouble-check spelling and meaning of the term for which you are searchingSlide33

Pronunciation

Commonly accepted pronunciation appears in parenthesis next to the term

Pronounce a new word by saying it as it is spelled in the parentheses.Primary emphasis shown in uppercase boldface letters (eh-DEE-mah)

Secondary emphasis shown in boldface lowercase letters (ah-

pen

-dih-

SIGH

-tis)Slide34

Spelling is Always Important

Changing just one or two letters may completely change the meaning of a word

Many medical terms are known as "look-alike, sound-alike"Slide35

Singular and Plural Endings

Unusual rules apply since many medical terms are of Latin or Greek origin

English endings have been adopted for some commonly used termsSlide36

Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases

Further study may be required in learning medical terms that describe diseases and disease conditionsSlide37

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts

(1 of 4)

Many medical terms may look and sound similar but their meanings are differentStudy these terms carefullySlide38

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts

(2 of 4)

Example,arteri/o, ather/o, arthr/oarteri/o: arteryather/o: plaque or fatty substance

arthr/o: jointSlide39

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts

(3 of 4)

Example,-ectomy, -ostomy, -otomy-ectomy: surgical removal-ostomy: surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

-otomy: cutting or a surgical incisionSlide40

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts

(4 of 4)

Example,ileum and iliumileum (ILL

-ee-um): the last and longest portion of the small intestine.

Memory aid:

ileum

is spelled with an "

e

" as in

int

e

stine

.

ilium

(

ILL

-ee-um): part of the hip bone.

Memory aid: ilium

is spelled with an "

i

" as in

h

i

p

.Slide41

Using Abbreviations

Used frequently to record long and complex medical terms

May lead to confusion and errorsBe familiar with the "Do Not Use" abbreviations of your facilityUse only accepted abbreviationsWhen in doubt, spell it out