The Dirty Dozen Plus Friends Paul Dolan Small Forest are A Big Deal Invasive Plants Japanese Stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum Invasive Plants What is an Invasive Invasive species ID: 544175
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Slide1
Invasive Species
The Dirty Dozen
Plus Friends
Paul Dolan
Small Forest are A Big DealSlide2
Invasive Plants
Japanese
Stiltgrass
Microstegium
vimineum
Invasive PlantsSlide3
What is an Invasive?
Invasive species:
Non-native species that have become dominant elements of natural communities, and have caused, or have the potential to cause economic damage, environmental harm or pose human health risks.Slide4
Invasive Characteristics
Fast
Tolerate wide range of environ. conditions
Prolific Reproduction
Long growing seasonExcellent DispersersChange ecosystems in their favor
Great CompetitorsSlide5
How did they arrive?Slide6
Norway MapleSlide7
Norway Maple
Acer
platanoides
Europe
Introduced as ornamental for urban hardinessAllelopathic chemicals decrease undergrowth and can increase soil erosionStill sold widelySlide8
AilanthusSlide9
Tree of Heaven
Ailanthus altissima
Originally from China
Introduced as ornamental and for erosion control (1784)
Prolific seeder and root sprouts
Suppresses other species with allelopathic chemicalsFoul odor, can damage structures, infrastructureSlide10
Garlic MustardSlide11
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria
petiolata
Europe
Introduced as an edible culinary herb (1868)Flowers and seed from young plantsThreatens native wildflowersThreat to some endangered speciesAllelopathic chemicals harm helpful soil fungi that help native plantsSlide12
Japanese BarberrySlide13
Japanese Barberry
Berberis
thunbergii
Japan
Introduced as ornamental
Numerous seeds with high germination rate, transported by birds and small mammalsAlters soil pH, nitrogen, and biological activityDisplaces wildlife forage (deer will not browse it)Host for Black Rust (disease of wheat)Slide14
Japanese BittersweetSlide15
Oriental Bittersweet
Celastrus
orbiculatus
Eastern Aisia, Japan
Introduced to prevent soil erosion (1879), decorative fruitsGrowing vine chokes other vegetation, and can cause trees to uprootSupplanting American bittersweet (competition, hybrids)Slide16
Black Swallow-WortSlide17
Black Swallow
Wort
Cynanchum
louiseae
Southwestern EuropeIntroduced in Essex, MA botanical garden (1854)
Crowds other species in old fields (e.g. cool season grasses), disrupts grassland bird populationsAlso propagates via rhizomes making patchy clumpsDisrupts Monarch ButterflyJessup Milk Vetch (listed)Slide18
Autumn OliveSlide19
Autumn Olive
Elaeagnus umbellata
Introduced from East Asia & Japan
Invades old fields and disturbed sites
Crowds other plants
Key IdentifiersLarge bush, small treeSilver shimmering leavesSlide20
Burning BushSlide21
Winged Burning Bush
Edges and old fields
Key Identifiers
Corky ridges (wings) along stems
Bright red foliage
Confused with some blueberries or winged elm (dormant)Mechanical removalChemical applications to cut stemsSlide22
Winged Burning Bush
Euonymus alatus
East Asia, Japan
Introduced as an ornamental
Spreads by roots and animal dispersed seedsSlide23
Japanese Honey Suckle
Lonicera
japonicaSlide24
Bush Honeysuckles
Amur, Bells, Morrow, and
Tartarian
Lonicera
spp.
Originally from EurasiaIntroduced for ornamental, wildlife, and erosion control
Crowds other species (sunlight and water)Seeds are disseminated by birdsSeeds have lower fat content for migratory birdsSlide25
Japanese KnotweedSlide26
Japanese Knotweed
Fallopia
japonica
Japan
Introduced
Edible and desirable to beekeepersExcludes native plantsProlific root sproutsWinged seedsSlide27
Multiflora RoseSlide28
Multiflora
Rose
Rosa
multiflora
JapanIntroduced as an ornamental (1836), NRCS used it for erosion control in 1930s
Forms dense, thorny thicketsFruits dispersed by birdsSlide29
EUROPEAN BUCKTHORNSlide30
Common Buckthorn
Rhamnus cathartica
Originally Africa, Europe, Asia
Introduced as ornamental, fence rows, and wildlife cover (1800’s)
Even-aged thickets crowd shrubs and herbaceous species
Abundant fruit and seeds are spread through the guts of birds and small mammals.Slide31
Sycamore MapleSlide32
PhragmitiesSlide33
Common Reed
a
ka Phragmites
Fallopia japonica
Eurasia
Introduction as discarded ships’ ballast in 1700’s and 1800’sRapidly invades marsh communities (roots spread 10 ft per year)Alters hydrologyAlters wildlife habitatFire hazardSlide34
Mile A Minute VineSlide35
Mile-a-minute vine,
Persicaria perfoliata (Polygonum perfoliatum)
Annual clinging vine of open,
moist habitats
Fruit is buoyant
Impacts to riverine systems, emergent wetlands, and early successional habitat
Triangular leaf, minutely
toothed along the margin
Blue-green color
Downward facing prickles
Blue berries
Perfoliate leaf supports a
terminal flowering stalkSlide36
Any Questions