Jihad: More Then Holy War - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Jihad: More Then Holy War

Andrew Iverson

HIS 352Slide2

“The Middle East’s militant interpretation of

jihad

and its’ legacy were developed as a result of the Crusades.”

ThesisSlide3

Jihad from a Western perspective: holy war

The

West now, avoids war whereas; the Middle East’s view of war has not changed. In

other words, the Middle East still sees

war as an honorable action.

Modern InterpretationSlide4

Striving or struggle for Allah

Jihad

is only justified if the Islamic faith and way of life is endangered

M

ilitary jihad can only be declared for two

reasons

Defenseundoing of injustice

Islamic PerspectiveSlide5

One rule of jihad requires that once the enemy surrenders, all hostility is to

cease

.There should be no reprisal, all prisoners should be treated humanely, and if

possible,

returned to their families.Muslim’s who

practice

jihad and gives up their life for God are known as a shahid

Islamic PerspectiveSlide6

Another interpretation is “to exert

oneself”

defensive jihad is defined as being “against the infidels who raid the abode of

Islam”

dar-al-Islam

(“house of submission” or submission to

God)dar-al-Harb

(house of war

)-

the rest of the world is characterized by heedlessness, disorder, internal strife, and

unbelief

Different InterpretationsSlide7

States that Muslims have an obligation to fight, which leads Muslims to believe that Islam was spread through the sword just as the prophet spread Islam

Qur’an 2:216Slide8

Muhammad practiced

jihad

spreading Islam; however, over time, jihad was interpreted as the inner struggle of Muslims.

Jihad

was

perceived as

a minor issue of Islam. When Arabs were attacked by Latin Christians in the name of God, this reawakened Islam’s dedication to jihad

.

Sufis

argued that

greater jihad

was most important; internal struggle waged against sin and error.

Origin of JihadSlide9

Victory at Edessa was called the “victory of victories”“I seek nothing but the good of the Muslims and to make war against the Franks . . . If we aid one another in waging the holy war, and matters are arranged harmoniously and with a single eye to the good, my desire and purpose will be fully achieved.”

ZangiSlide10

Zangi reformed the understanding of

jihad

to a warlike interpretation.Began

a propaganda campaign to develop the theology of

jihad and spread it to the cities that would then transmit it to the clergy.

Then, the

clerics would transmit the teaching to the people in the mosques during the sermon that was preached on Friday, the Muslim Sabbath.

ZangiSlide11

Zangi’s successor was Saladin

Saladin

grew up in Zangi’s court, where

jihad

was the centerfold of Islam

Saladin

succeeded Zangi and unified the Muslim world

and

continued the

jihad

propaganda

SaladinSlide12

“The Holy War and the suffering involved in it weighted heavily on his heart and his while being in every limb; he spoke of nothing else, thought only about equipment for the fight, was interested only in those who had taken up arms, had little sympathy with anyone who spoke of anything else or encourage any other activity

.”

Quote on Saladin:Slide13

“I think that God grants me victory over the rest of Palestine. I shall divide my territories, make a will stating my wishes, then set sail on this sea for their far-off lands and pursue the Franks there, so as to free the earth of anyone who does not believe in God, or die in the attempt

.”

This makes it clear, that Saladin viewed jihad

in a militaristic sense

Saladin QuoteSlide14

Jihad is viewed simply as holy war but has many different interpretations even in the Muslim community.

During the Crusades, the interpretation of

jihad became increasingly militaristic after

Summary