50X magnification 300X magnification 1000X magnification 2000X Near sphere shape Nonuniform size Unsmooth surface The sphere body consist of small strips small strips is cuboid bars pristine ID: 622960
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Slide1
magnification
50X
magnification
300X
magnification
1000X
magnification
2000X
Near sphere shape
Nonuniform size
Unsmooth surface
The sphere body consist of small strips
small
strips is
cuboid bars
pristineSlide2
magnification
300X
magnification
1000X
magnification
1000X
magnification
2000X
Particle
agminated
Particle cleaved
Cleaved particle
More rough surface
the elongated crystals were broken into smaller pieces
After reactionSlide3
pristine
CuO/PS
no pH adjustment
CuO/PS
pH 7
As result showed, before and after reaction the crystal structure of CuO didn’t changed, indicating that the stable structure of CuO, which is the basis of maintaining the activation function
PDF#89-5896Slide4
Cu(II) 2p
3/2
Cu(II) 2p
1/2
Cu(II) 2p
3/2
Cu(II) 2p
1/2
Cu(II) 2p
3/2
Cu(II) 2p
1/2
pristine
CuO/PS
no pH adjustment
CuO/PS
pH 7
Before and after reaction, copper atom oxidation state was not changed, suggesting that CuO as an persulfate activator was a true catalyst due to the reversible valent change of Cu .
http://xpssimplified.com/elements/copper.phpSlide5
Distribution of carbonate species in aqueous at different pH
H
2
CO
3 → HCO
3-
+ H
+K
a1=4.30
10^-7
HCO3
- → CO32-
+ H+K
a2=5.61
10^-11
Ka1
=[H
2CO3
][HCO
3-]
[H
+]
Ka1
=[HCO3
-
]
[CO
3
2-
]
[H
+
]
[HCO
3
-
]
[HCO
3
-
]
[CO
3
2-
]
+
+
= C
HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
H
2
CO
3
Slide6
pH 3 / 2.5 mM
pH 3 / 5 mM
pH 3 / 10 mM
pH 7 / 2.5 mM
pH 7 / 5 mM
pH 7 / 10 mM
HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
H
2
CO
3
Slide7
pH 3
pH 7
2.5 mM
5 mM
10 mM
2.5 mM
5 mM
10 mM
Evolution of bicarbonate ion distribution in aqueous at different pH
Results showed that except for the system of CuO/PS/(2.5mM NaHCO3)/pH 3, most of the carbonate species is bicarbonate ion, which depends on the solution pHSlide8
[PCA]
[PCA
-
]
→
[H
+
]
+
[PCA
-
][H
+]
[PCA]
log10
=-pKa = -4.2
[PCA
-][PCA]
log
10
=pH - 4.2
[PCA
-]
[PCA]
pH