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NPRE 498 Energy Storage Redox Flow Batteries NPRE 498 Energy Storage Redox Flow Batteries

NPRE 498 Energy Storage Redox Flow Batteries - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-10-23

NPRE 498 Energy Storage Redox Flow Batteries - PPT Presentation

amp Regenerative Fuel Cells Enabling renewable energy Vanadium redox flow PolysulfideBromine flow Uranium based ZincBromide half redox flow All liquid regenerative fuel cells Ongoing Projects here in UIUC ID: 694226

498 energy npre storage energy 498 storage npre flow battery cell fuel regenerative polysulfide redox bromine cells vrb vanadium

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Redox Flow Batteries & Regenerative Fuel Cells

Enabling renewable energy

Vanadium redox flow

Polysulfide/Bromine flow

Uranium (!!!) based

Zinc/Bromide (half redox flow)

All liquid regenerative fuel cells

Ongoing Projects here in UIUC Slide2

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Dated back to the 70’s with the 1973 oil crisis Examples: Fe(III)/Fe(II) in liquid (solvated ionic) form

Cr(III)/Cr(II) in liquid (solvated ionic) form Redox flow battery (history)Slide3

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

A Fe/Cr

Redox flow batterySlide4

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

The Vanadium Redox Pair

Anode (-)

V

2+



V

3+

+ e-

Cathode (+)

V

4+  V5+ + e-

Advantages:

no non-desired ionic mixture

No need for salt bridge

Slide5

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Vanadium Redox Battery

SchematicSlide6

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

The VRB: the bipolar constructionSlide7

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

VRB: Real system Slide8

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

VRB: Performance

Cell voltage change vs time in a charge/discharge cycle,

current density was 40mA/cm2Slide9

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

VRB: Performance

Cell voltage change in different membranes vs time in a charge/discharge cycle,

current density was 37.5mA/cm2Slide10

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

VRB: Issues

Disadvantage:

Cost of vanadium (cost > $100/kWhr)

Energy density (~30 Whr/kg) Slide11

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Regenerative Fuel Cells

Referring to a system or a single cell?

A Regenerative Fuel Cell SystemSlide12

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Regenerative Fuel Cells

A regenerative Fuel Cell System in NASA Glenn Center

Fuel cell

ElectrolyzerSlide13

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

A Single Cell

Regenerative Fuel CellsSlide14

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

But there is a big catch:Hydrophobicity vs Hydrophilicity Conflicting requirement in two modes for a gas phase product/reactant combination

Regenerative Fuel CellsSlide15

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Regenerative Fuel Cells

All liquid RFC

A bit like Redox flow battery

Potentially higher energy density

Kinetics is generally slower

Example, NaBH4/H2O2Slide16

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow Battery

How it works?

3NaBr+(

n

−1) Na

2

Sn

 Na

Br

3

+nNa2Sn−1, n=2−4Slide17

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow Battery

The structure of a PSB battery: (a) anolyte tank; (b) catholyte tank; (c1, c2) magnetic pump; (d1, d2, d3, d4) tie-in; (e1, e2) end plate; (f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6) gasket; (g1, g2) electrode plate; (h1, h2) flow frame; (i) cation exchange membrane; (j) negative electrode; (k) positive electrode.

Slide18

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow Battery

Polarization curves (at 50% SOC) with different material: (♦,

 

) GF; (■, □) CF; ( upright triangles

 

) ACE; (●, ○) Co-ACE; and (

 

 , inverted triangles

 

) Co-GF. Slide19

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow Battery

Discharge curves of ( u tri

 

) CF and ( inv tri

 

) ACE. (○) Cell open circuit voltage curve. (Line 1) positive half-cell potential and (line 2) negative half-cell potential. Slide20

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow BatterySlide21

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow BatterySlide22

NPRE 498 Energy Storage

Polysulfide/Bromine Flow Battery

Advantages

Low cost

Fast kinetics

Disadvantages

Cross-over

Poor stability