contd Delusions fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence Themes persecutory referential somatic religious grandiose erotomanic and nihilistic delusions ID: 1047178
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1. SchizophreniaSchizophrenia: a definition (cont’d)Delusions: fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidenceThemes: persecutory, referential, somatic, religious, grandiose, erotomanic and nihilistic delusionsBizarre delusions are clearly implausible and not understandable to same culture peers and do not derive from ordinary life experiencesThought insertion, thought withdrawal, delusions of control are considered bizarre delusionsHallucinations: perception like experiences that occur without an external stimuliVivid and clear, with the full force and impact of normal perceptions, and not under voluntary controlOccur in clear sensoriumAuditory hallucinations are experienced as voices heard distinct from one’s thoughtsDisorganized thinking and speechFormal thought disorder includes derailment or loose associations, tangentiality, incoherence or word saladGrossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)Problems in goal directed behaviorCatatoniaNegative symptomsDecreased emotional expression includes reductions in expressions in the face, eye contact, intonation of speech (prosody), and movements of the hand, head and face that give an emotional emphasis to the speechAvolition is decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activitiesOthers: include anhedonia, asociality and alogiaSchizophrenia. Factsheet no. 397. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs397/en/