Nutraceutical was coined by Stephen De Felice in 1989 Nutraceutical is a substance which which may be regarded as food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits and helps in prevention and treatment of disease ID: 1048330
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1. Nutraceuticals
2. .The term Nutraceutical was coined by Stephen De Felice in 1989.Nutraceutical is a substance which which may be regarded as food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits and helps in prevention and treatment of disease.Nutraceuticals are some times also referred as functional food.Functional food provides Vit., protein, fat, as carbohydrate necessary for health. When functional food aids in the prevention and/or treatment of disease or disorder other than deficiency conditions like anaemia is called a nutraceutical.
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7. General health benefits and role of nutraceuticalsUseful in various diseases such as heart disease, obesity, cancer, hyper cholesterol level, digestion problems etc. According to research they act by variety of mechanism such as activation of antioxidant defense, activation of cell proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction pathway etc.
8. The health benefits of various types of nutraceuticals are as follows: Dietary fibers: Food materials that are not hydrolyzed by digestive enzyme but can be digested by micro flora present in the gut. Cellulose, pectin lignin, gums are examples of dietary fibres.Dietary fibres improve digestion and absorption of nutrients. Soluble fibres lowers serum LDL cholesterol, enhance insulin receptor binding activity and improve glucose tolerance. In colon, ditery fibres act as laxative by increasing water retention, transit time and hence bulk of fecal matter.The recent entry in market is FOS i.e Fructo oligosaccharide, have various health benefit for lowering of chlolesterol and improve digestion as well as immunity.
9. PUFAs:These are Poly Unsaturated fatty acids, also called essential fatty acids.Play vital role in body functions. PUFA are mainly omega-3-fatty acids , (eq. alha linolenic acid(ALA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosa pentanoic acid (EPA) present in fish, falx seed, soybeans, wll nuts etc) and omega-6-fatty acids (eq. arachidonic acid present in animal product). They are helpful in cardio vascular health, and to treat various disorder such as asthma, depressive disorder, diabetes.
10. . Probiotics: These are living microorganism, taken with or without feed, which are beneficial for host by improving intestinal microbial balance (eq. lactobacalus lactis, Bifido bacterium,). It is used to treat various disorder such as lactose intolerance, acute diarhhoea, antibiotic associated GI side effect etc. Prebiotics: These are non digestable substances that provide beneficial effects and protection to the probiotic from gastric acid and digestive enzymes. They are also promote the growth of probiotic bacteria. eq. oligifuctose, Inuline.
11. Mineral: The health benefit of mineral are as follows:
12. Vitamins: Vit. C, Vit. E and carotenoid are antioxidant vitamin. These have protective action against free radicals. Hence useful in degenerative diseases like cancer, ulcer. Health benefit of vit. Are as follows:
13. Polyphnols: These are secondary metabolites which have effects on various cellular process such as apoptosis, platelet aggregation, gene expression, etc. hence can be used to treat cancer, cardiovascular disorder etc.
14. Role of nutraceutical in Cancer:Major health problem due to enhanced expectancy, change in life style and diet pattern. As per research 1/3rd of all cancer death can be prevented by change in life style including diet.Cancer treatment in very expensive so nutraceutical having chemo preventive effects can be employed. Chemopreventive means the substances which are used to prevent, suppress or reduce the process of carcinoginosis.
15. .Nutraceuticals also helpful in reducing toxicity of drugs, chemotherapy, radiation and assist to live better life. Research reported that use of carotene rich food, vit. E,C and many more comp. in food benefit to fight cancer. Several studies shows that phytoconstituents as curcumin (turmeric), capsacin, resveratol (garpes), gingerol, genistein 9soya bean) lycopene, emodin, anetole, quercetin have anticancer activity.
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18. Mecahnism of action of nutraceutical against cancerAct by different mechanism and may have overall synergy effect.Nutraceuticals act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. They inhibit the signaling pathway related to redox mediated transcription factors.Some nutraceuticals like ascorbic acid, tocopherol, phenols are inhibitors of carcinogen formation.They protect against lipid peroxidation. They suppress mutagenic activity of carcinogens, suppress cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis.
19. Phytochemical effective against cancer:Polyphenoic compound: They act by inhibition of carcinogenesis process and supress progression of cancer. Eq. Epigallocatechin: present in green tea, have antitumor properties.Resveratrol: It is used in treatment of cancer because 9f its antiproliferative action. Present in grapes, Blueberries, peanuts.Flavonoid: It can affect the mRNA level of genes important in cell cycle controll and apoptosis. Some favonoid like genistien modulate topoisomerase II activity. It has strong estrogen agonist activity and inhibit growth activity of breast cancer cells.Curcumin: Chemopreventive in nature. It act as antineoplastic agent causing cell cycle arrest and induces apoptotic signals.
20. .Vitamins and mineral: Vitamin A, C, E and trace elements like selenium can prevent cancer. Ascorbic acid is reported to induce apoptosis through cell cycle arrest. Appropriate dose of supplements like vit. C, E and zinc, calcium reduces the chance of thyroid, bladder and breast cancer.capsacin: Use in treatment of ovarian carcinoma. It inhibit growth and induces apoptosis of cancer cells.lycopene: It inhibit proliferation of cells, use in t/t of prostate , gastric and lung cancer.Chestnut: Antioxidant in nature, used to treat gastric and mild prostate cancer.Ginseng: Used to treat various cancer such as colon, liver, lung and breast being antioxidant in nature.
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