PPT-1 General Relativity and Expansion of Universe

Curved space 333 Rate of clocks running like whiteboards Black Holes 333 Red Shift 3329 Hubbles Law 3325 Apparent Curvature of light In 1919 Sir Arthur Eddington measured the deflection of light near the sun during an eclipse. Homogeneous and uniform cosmic expansion . Hubble constant determines scale factor . Hubble diagram was based on a limited distance scale calibrated by Cepheid variable stars in relatively nearby galaxies. Significance . of a dark night . sky. The Universe . is expanding. The . Big Bang. initiated the expanding Universe. Microwave radiation . evidence . of the . Big Bang. The Universe was initially hot & opaque. Geraint F. Lewis. Sydney Institute for Astronomy. School of Physics. University of Sydney. So far we have looked at the special theory of relativity, but today we will expand our understanding to incorporate gravity. . Run time backwards .  all the matter has to be together at the same place and at the same time. Universal Expansion. V. r. = . H. o. D. . Time = D/V. The Ant Universe. Ants on surface of a balloon are a good model – the ants can “traverse” the surface of the balloon and never run into a boundary. Lecture 3; April . 11 2013. Previously.. On Astro-2. The universe is much larger than the Milky Way (Gpc vs kpc). There are billion of galaxies, the Milky Way is average Joe galaxy. Most galaxies can be classified based on their appearance as . Flat Earth Theory. Flat Earth Theory. Date: Ancient Times. Scientists: Babylonians, Egyptians. Theory Description: The world is a flat disk, not a sphere. Evidence: None. As early as the 4. th. century BC, scientists and philosophers, such as Aristotle, realized that the Earth was a sphere. Hubble’s Law: v = H. o. d. Velocity increases with distance. Expanding Universe. Hubble’s law .  Universe is expanding. Universe had a beginning !. How long ago?. Age of the universe: 1/H. Introduction to Cosmology. Adel . A. wad. Centre for Theoretical Physics. British University. Content. Observed Universe. General Relativity and Cosmology. Cosmological Eras. Dark matter. Dark energy. Hubble Expansion and the Big Bang . The fact that more distant galaxies. have higher . redshifts. . indicates that the universe is expanding. This implies that the universe was born in a huge explosion, or . The universe is the sum of all energy, matter, space and time.. But there. ’. s a difference between the universe we see (the observable universe) . and the universe as it really exists.. This gets complicated….. www.NLET.org . A . Brief History of . Time . / Feature Film Documentary . An Anglia Television/Gordon Freedman production, released by Triton Pictures. Director Errol Morris. Producer David Hickman. Executive producer Gordon Freedman. Based on the book by Stephen Hawking. Cinematographers John Bailey, Stefan . Einstein . OCCUPATION:Physicist. BIRTH . DATE:March. 14, 1879. DEATH . DATE:April. 18, 1955 . EDUCATION: . Luitpold. Gymnasium, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology . PLACE OF BIRTH: Ulm, Germany . 5. Curved Cosmos. & . Observational Cosmology. Einstein Field Equation. Cosmological Principle. General Relativity. . . . A crucial aspect of any particular configuration is the geometry of . This book opens by setting the mathematical background (differential geometry, hypersurfaces embedded in spacetime, foliation of spacetime by a family of space-like hypersurfaces), and then turns to the 3+1 decomposition of the Einstein equations.