Hartmut Zohm for the ASDEX Upgrade EUROfusion MST1 Teams MaxPlanckInstitut für Plasmaphysik Garching Germany see eg appendix of H Zohm et al Nucl Fusion 55 2015 104010 ID: 759805
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Slide1
ASDEX Upgrade: Progress and Plans
Hartmut Zohm for the ASDEX Upgrade /EUROfusion MST1 Teams*Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany*see e.g. appendix of H. Zohm et al, Nucl. Fusion 55 (2015) 104010
Presented at Fusion Power Associates meeting, Washington DC, USA, 13.12.2016
Slide2Solving
‚immediate‘ questions aiding the detailed ITER design
guide ITER design in areas where input is still missing (ELMs,
disruptions,
first wall
components…)Preparing ITER operation prepare to address ‚new‘ physics: dominant a-heating develop operation scenarios that ensure baseline operation (Q=10) and make possible ‘advanced’ operation (Q > 10 or steady state)Developing and improving the physics base for DEMO DEMO is a ‘point design’ – need first principles understanding to build ‘numerical tokamak’ (strong interaction with theory)address areas which are crucial for DEMO byond those for ITER (n/nGW > 1, high core radiation fraction etc.)Educating fusion plasma scientists train and educate the generation that will run ITER
A Programme in Preparation of ITER and DEMO
Slide3AUG
Programme
in support of ITER and DEMO
DEMO (EU example)
ITER
Q=10:
b
N
=1.8, H=1, n/
n
GW
=0.85Psep/R = 15 MW/m, Prad,core/Ptot=0.3Large type I ELMs not allowedVery small number of disruptions
Q
30:
b
N
=3.5, H=1.2, n/
n
GW
=1.2
P
sep
/R = 15 MW/m,
P
rad,core
/
P
tot
=0.75
No
ELMs
allowed
(?)
Virtually
no
disruptions
Slide4ASDEX Upgrade and JET form a step ladder to ITER
Geometry similar to ITER, linear dimensions scale 1:2:4
ASDEX Upgrade
JET
ITER
Slide5ASDEX Upgrade has a powerful H&CD system
Neutral Beam Injection:
20 MW @ 60/93 kVNBCD by tang. beams
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating: 5 (8) MW @ 140/105 GHz
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating: 7 (8) MW @ 30-60 MHz
Exhaust
studies
at
high P/R
b
-limit
accessible
at
any
field
ECCD
for
MHD
control
Slide6ASDEX Upgrade has pioneered W-wall operation
massive tungstentiles (outer divertor)
learned how to keep W-concentration low at high plasma performanceinstrumental in changing ITER PFC strategy (together with JET ILW)
P92 tiles (chemistry and ferromagnetism similar to EUROFER)
a
ll other PFCs are W-coated C-tiles
Slide7static / rotating
fields up to
500 Hz, at n = 1, 2, (3), 4continuous poloidal phase scan at constant n
2 x 8 off-midplane saddle coils for MHD control
Slide8Exhaust scenario for ITER and DEMO
(partially) detached divertor operation at high
P
sep
/R
(ITER&DEMO) high core radiation with good fusion performance (DEMO) assessment of ‚advanced divertor‘ configurations (DEMO)Core scenarios for ITER and DEMO maximum fusion power – low q95 (ITER) steady state tokamak operation – higher q95 (ITER and DEMO) mitigation or suppression of ELMs and disruptions (ITER and DEMO)Note: underlying theme is the development of first principles physics understanding needed for ‘safe’ extrapolation ongoing effort to improve diagnostic systems and compare with theory and modelling (example: fast particles)
Main Programmatic Lines on ASDEX Upgrade
Slide9Exhaust scenario for ITER and DEMO
(partially) detached divertor operation at high
P
sep
/R
(ITER&DEMO) high core radiation with good fusion performance (DEMO) assessment of ‚advanced divertor‘ configurations (DEMO)Core scenarios for ITER and DEMO maximum fusion power – low q95 (ITER) steady state tokamak operation – higher q95 (ITER and DEMO) mitigation or suppression of ELMs and disruptions (ITER and DEMO)Note: underlying theme is the development of first principles physics understanding needed for ‘safe’ extrapolation ongoing effort to improve diagnostic systems and compare with theory and modelling (example: fast particles)
Main Programmatic Lines on ASDEX Upgrade
Slide10Exhaust: impurity seeding at high input power
‚ITER like‘: N-seeding
c
ore radiation fraction ~ 30%Psep/R=10MW/m, Ptarget=3 MW/m2
‚DEMO like‘: N- and Ar-seedingcore radiation fraction ~ 70 %Still H=1, bN=3
A. Kallenbach et al., Nucl. Fusion (2012)
A. Kallenbach et al., Nucl. Fusion (2015)
Slide11Exhaust: present and future capabilities
Extension of H&CD capabilities will allow to simultaneously inject ≥ 34 MW
H. Zohm et al., Nucl. Fusion 2015
Slide12Exhaust: Planned upgrade of upper divertor (2020)
Flexible in-vessel coil set to study physics elements of ‚advanced divertors‘X-divertor, Snowflake divertor and Double Null can be studiedLower divertor kept untouched for ITER reference operation
T. Lunt et al., PSI 2016
A. Herrmann et al., PSI 2016
Slide13Exhaust scenario for ITER and DEMO
(partially) detached divertor operation at high
P
sep
/R
(ITER&DEMO) high core radiation with good fusion performance (DEMO) assessment of ‚advanced divertor‘ configurations (DEMO)Core scenarios for ITER and DEMO maximum fusion power – low q95 (ITER) steady state tokamak operation – higher q95 (ITER and DEMO) mitigation or suppression of ELMs and disruptions (ITER and DEMO)Note: underlying theme is the development of first principles physics understanding needed for ‘safe’ extrapolation ongoing effort to improve diagnostic systems and compare with theory and modelling (example: fast particles)
Main Programmatic Lines on ASDEX Upgrade
Slide14Core scenarios: ITER baseline – Q=10 at q95=3
Significant impact of all-metal wall on operational window decreased pedestal performance (ne(r) shifts outward with high gas puff) suggests a shift of the Q=10 operation scenario to higher bN, higher q95 similar findings on JET with the ITER-like wall (ILW)
J. Schweinzer et al., Nucl Fusion 2016
Slide15Core scenarios: steady state high performance
Resonable bootstrap fraction (~ 50%), fully noninductive stationary on the current redistribution timescale, starting from relaxed q(r) MHD stable at high b for decent q95 (~5.5)Extrapolates to steady state ITER, DEMO and FPP (similar results on DIII-D)
A. Bock et al., EPS (2016)
Slide16Scenarios: ELM suppression by RMPs
full ELM suppression at low n*. (similarity experiment with DIII-D)no accumulation of W at pedestal top (!), slight reduction in confinementimportant role of plasma shape!
W.
Suttrop
, EPS 2016, R. Nazikian, IAEA 2016
Slide17M. Reich et al., IAEA 2014
Feedback system targets multiple mode control for disruption avoidance
Core scenarios: NTM suppression by ECCD
Slide18Core scenarios: NTM suppression by ECCD
M. Reich et al., IAEA 2014
Feedback system targets multiple mode control for disruption avoidance
Slide19M. Reich et al., IAEA 2014
Core scenarios: NTM suppression by ECCD
Feedback system targets multiple mode control for disruption avoidance
Slide20Exhaust scenario for ITER and DEMO
(partially)
detached divertor
operation at high
P
sep/R (ITER&DEMO) high core radiation with good fusion performance (DEMO) assessment of ‚advanced divertor‘ configurations (DEMO)Core scenarios for ITER and DEMO maximum fusion power – low q95 (ITER) steady state tokamak operation – higher q95 (ITER and DEMO) mitigation or suppression of ELMs and disruptions (ITER and DEMO)Note: underlying theme is the development of first principles physics understanding needed for ‘safe’ extrapolation ongoing effort to improve diagnostic systems and compare with theory and modelling (example: fast particles)
Main Programmatic Lines on ASDEX Upgrade
Slide21Fusion physics: fast particle investigations
5 FIDA (Fast Ion D-Alpha) views intersecting heating beam #3Weight functions cover different parts of velocity space with radial resolutionTomographic deconvolution in velocity space yields estimate of f(E,v||/v)
red-shifted blue shifted
Slide22Fusion phyiscs: tomography in velocity space
TRANSP/NUBEAM
60 keV NBI only
TRANSP/NUBEAM
60 & 93 keV NBI
FIDA Tomography60 keV NBI only
FIDA Tomography60 & 93 keV NBI
Basic features well reproduced, future: 6-D phase space physics
M. Weiland et al., PPCF 2016
Slide23Conclusion - timeline
ASDEX Upgrade has a strong programme in support of ITER and DEMOcombination of programmtic and curiosity driven scientific approachThe planned extensions will enable us to significantly contribute to the EUROfusion Roadmap Missions 1 and 2 beyond 2020collaborations (both EU/MST and international) are an important element