Age of Enlightenment Age of Enlightenment a rationalist humanitarian and scientific movement that had an important impact on law and punishment Auburn System Auburn System after the American revolution New York State established several prisons to house convicted felons ID: 623651
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Slide1
Chapter 2 FlashcardsSlide2
Age of EnlightenmentSlide3
Age of Enlightenment
a rationalist, humanitarian and scientific movement
that
had an important impact on law and punishmentSlide4
Auburn SystemSlide5
Auburn System
after the American revolution, New York State established several prisons to house convicted felonsSlide6
BotesSlide7
Botes
Gothic schedule of monetary compensations for wrongdoingsSlide8
Canon lawSlide9
Canon law
the law that governs churches, especially the Roman Catholic ChurchSlide10
Case lawSlide11
Case law
the method of jus honorarium essentially formed the basis of case lawSlide12
Code of HammurabiSlide13
Code of Hammurabi
the Babylonian response to crime and punishmentSlide14
Corpus
Juris
CivilisSlide15
Corpus
Juris
Civilis
the collective title of the body of ancient Roman law as compiled and codified under the emperor Justinian in the 6th
century
CESlide16
Habitual-offender statutesSlide17
Habitual-offender statutes
legislation that sends repeat offenders to prison for lifeSlide18
IntakeSlide19
Intake
the first stage that a new inmate encounters; consisting of information gathering and an interview processSlide20
Irish ticket-of-leave systemSlide21
Irish ticket-of-leave system
a
four-stage
system invoked by Crofton, director of the Irish Prison systemSlide22
Jus
civileSlide23
Jus
civile
legal system which dealt exclusively with relationships between Romans during the late third century
BCE Slide24
Jus
gentiumSlide25
Jus
gentium
legal system which dealt exclusively with foreigners during the late third century
BCESlide26
Jus honorariumSlide27
Jus honorarium
Roman legislators after 100
BCE
allowed the decisions of magistrates to supplement and correct existing
lawSlide28
Justice modelSlide29
Justice model
rests on the assumption that individuals have free will; they choose to violate laws and so deserve to be punishedSlide30
Justinian CodeSlide31
Justinian Code
the collective title of the body of ancient Roman law as compiled and codified under the emperor Justinian in the 6th century
CESlide32
King’s PeaceSlide33
King’s Peace
crimes committed in the king’s presence or against one of his officersSlide34
Law of MosesSlide35
Law of Moses
the Judaic rules of crime and punishmentSlide36
Lex
salicaSlide37
Lex
salica
legal customs of the ancient Germanic
tribesSlide38
Marks of commendationSlide39
Marks of commendation
a system of rewards given to inmates for good behaviorSlide40
Medical modelSlide41
Medical model
the dominant approach to prisoner management in the early
twentieth centurySlide42
Natural lawSlide43
Natural law
a system of rules and principles growing out of and conforming to human nature that can be discovered through reason, without knowledge of or reference to society’s artificial
lawsSlide44
ParoleSlide45
Parole
the early release of prisoners to the supervision of local law enforcementSlide46
Penal Servitude Act of 1853Slide47
Penal Servitude Act of 1853
passed
by
Parliament:
a key component was paroleSlide48
Penitentiary Act of 1779Slide49
Penitentiary Act of 1779
created a new class of institution that largely incorporated humane treatment, productive labor, and sanitary living conditionsSlide50
Pennsylvania systemSlide51
Pennsylvania system
an imprisonment method in which offenders were kept in solitary confinementSlide52
PillorySlide53
Pillory
wood timbers set on a post with restraining holes for the head and
hands:
designed to shame the offenderSlide54
PressingSlide55
Pressing
gruesome form of corporal
punishment:
used to convince suspected offenders to confessSlide56
Public whippingSlide57
Public whipping
oldest and widely used form of corporal punishmentSlide58
RehabilitationSlide59
Rehabilitation
the process of returning offenders to orderly or acceptable behaviorsSlide60
ReintegrationSlide61
r
eintegration
a popular concept in the 1970s; it provided a bridge between institution and communitySlide62
rehabilitationSlide63
rehabilitation
the belief that providing treatment such as psychological or educational assistance makes individuals less likely to engage in future crimesSlide64
reintegrationSlide65
reintegration
recognizes the fact that a high percentage of the people in prison (90%) eventually get outSlide66
restitutionSlide67
restitution
requiring the offender to repay the victim or the community in money or through serviceSlide68
restorationSlide69
restoration
the most
recent philosophy in the field of
corrections, it is based
on three key elements: accountability, community protection and competency developmentSlide70
retributionSlide71
retribution
the belief that punishment must avenge for a harm done to anotherSlide72
selective incapacitationSlide73
selective incapacitation
lies on the assumption that career criminals can be identified early in life as preteens or teenagersSlide74
StocksSlide75
Stocks
timbers with holes cut for feet and hands used as a way to detain people before trialSlide76
Silent systemSlide77
Silent system
in the Auburn system, inmates marched, worked, and ate in complete silenceSlide78
Ticket of leaveSlide79
Ticket of leave
early release from the prison colonySlide80
TransportationSlide81
Transportation
t
he
deportation of convicted criminals to work in penal colonies or to settle a nation’s
coloniesSlide82
Twelve tablesSlide83
Twelve tables
Laws of ancient Rome composed in part from those of Solon, and other Greek legislatorsSlide84
WergildSlide85
Wergild
the value placed for the crime committed and the compensation due the victim or their familySlide86
WitesSlide87
Wites
a system of punishments in ninth-century Britain, allowed the local lord or king to collect and keep the
botes