Drugs Medicine-Alcohol-Tobacco-Recreational Drugs - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

DrugsMedicine-Alcohol-Tobacco-Recreational Drugs

Powerpoint based on Holt’s

Lifetime Health

, 2009; chapters 9-10-11-12.Slide2

What’s Your Health IQ? True/False

Side effects of over-the-counter medicines are rare.

Not following doctor’s orders while taking a prescription medicine can be dangerous.

Generic drugs work equally as well as brand-name drugs.Nutritional supplements are not approved by the FDA in the same way medicines are.Drugs that come from natural products are safer than drugs made from chemicals.People cannot become addicted to prescription drugs.Slide3

Drug

Any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological stateSlide4

Medicines

Drugs used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort

Effective

Safe Minor side effectsSlide5

Drugs of abuse

Drugs used for mind-altering effects with no medical purpose

Recreational use

Leads to changes in the brainSerious long-term health problemsSlide6

All drugs come from labs or nature. All drugs contain chemicals.Slide7

Analgesic

Relieves pain

Antihistamine

Relieves allergy symptoms

Antacid

Neutralizes stomach acid; heartburn relief

Antibiotic

Kills bacteria to cure infections

Steroid anti-inflammatory

Reduces inflammation and itching of skin

Hormone

Different hormones do different things

Antianxiety

Relieves anxiousness

Vaccine

Prevents infections

Sedative

Causes sleepinessSlide8

How drugs enter your body

Implanted pumps

- surgically implanted; injects drugs directly into a specific part of the body

Inhalation- drugs enter the body through blood vessels in the lungsInjection- drugs are injected using hypodermic needlesTransdermal patches- patches placed on the skinIngestion- drugs are swallowed and absorbed through blood vessels in the intestinesTopical application- drugs are applied directly to the body and are absorbed through the skinSlide9

Section Review

Compare

drug

with medicine.What is a side effect?Identify the two sources of all medicines and drugs.Which drug delivery method involves the intestine?Why does an inhaler deliver asthma medicine faster than an ingested pill does?Slide10

Imagine that you have a bad cough. You took medicine that your doctor gave you, but it doesn’t seem to be helping. Your friend has some cough syrup that she bought at the store. She says that it works really well and offers to share it. Is this a good idea? Explain why you feel this way.Slide11

Approving drugs for medical use

The FDA was created in 1906 to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics.

Tests are required to make sure the drugs are safe.

First tests are in labsAnimal testingHuman volunteersClinical trials- tests on humans who have the condition that the drug is supposed to treatApplication for FDA approvalSlide12

Prescription medicines

Require the written order from a doctor

Always for a limited amount of medicine

Misuse can be harmful or cause the medicine to not workShould ONLY be taken by the person whose name is on the labelSlide13

Prescriptions

The dose

When you should take it

How often you should take itThe length of time you should take itYou should also get a drug information sheet that has all the information about the medicine including side effects, interactions, and what you should do if you have them.Slide14

Over the Counter medicines

Used to treat common illnesses, injuries, and disorders

Decide what kind of OTC will work for you

Decide if you want generic or brand-nameRead the label and follow directionsSlide15

OTC labels

Ingredients-

active ingredients are listed by amount

Uses- list of symptoms the medicine relievesDirections- dosage and frequencyWarnings- possible side effects, drug interactions, and the likelihood of overdoseSlide16

Herbal remedies and dietary supplements are NOT approved by the FDA.Slide17

Problems with medicines

Allergic reactions

- can range from mild itchiness to

anaphylactic shock which can be fatalSide effects- effects caused by a drug that are different from the drug’s intended effectDrug interactions- occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect of one of the substancesSlide18

Using medicines wisely

Be an active part of your healthcare team

Be prepared to ask questions

Learn the facts BEFORE you take a medicineListen to your bodyKnow it isn’t always safe to suddenly stop taking a drugSpeak up and enlist your parents’ help if something seems wrongSlide19

Section Review

Define

active ingredient

.Define drug interaction.Summarize steps in the FDA medicine approval process.Explain why you should not take another person’s prescription medication.Describe three problems that can occur when taking medicine.Slide20

Prescription use mini-poster project

DO

DON’T

1 Tell your doctor your health history

6 Don’t hide health information- even the embarrassing stuff

2 Pay attention to warning labels

7 Don’t mix medicines that cause drowsiness

3 Ask your doctor before combining medications

8 Don’t take someone else’s prescription medicines

4 Call your doctor immediately if you see signs of allergic reaction

9 Don’t continue to take medicine that makes you feel worse

5 Take ALL of your antibiotics

10 Don’t stop taking antibiotics just because you feel betterSlide21

Respond to the following statement:If I want to use drugs, it’s my choice and doesn’t affect anyone else besides me. Slide22

Addiction

Condition in which a person can no longer control his drug use; he has a physical need for the drug and can’t function without itSlide23

No one starts using drugs to become an addict. Every addict starts as someone experimenting with drugs.Slide24

Dangers of drug use

Drug use causes biological changes in the brain- these changes could be permanent

Adolescent brains are more vulnerable to drug use than adult brains

The adolescent brain is still developingDrug use interferes with normal changes at this time of lifeSlide25

Path to addiction

Drug use

- activates the brain reward system

Tolerance- the user needs more of the drug to produce the same effectDependence- the user experiences uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms if he tries to stop using the drugAddiction- drug use is out of control; the addict keeps using even in the face of severe consequences such as arrest or even deathSlide26

Treatment for addiction

Abusers and addicts CAN free themselves from drug dependency

Physical and psychological dependence must be addressed

Treatment programs give help in getting off the drugs as well as counseling to cope with lifeAvoiding the use of drugs in the first place is the best way to avoid addictionSlide27

Section Review

Define

addiction

.Differentiate between tolerance and dependence.Why can addiction be difficult to overcome?Describe the relationship between physical dependence and withdrawal.Why is it important to avoid starting to use drugs?Slide28

Illustrate a “chain of events” leading to drug addiction; include changes in behavior as well as consequences for these changes

Drugs & medicines review packet (STP)Slide29

What’s Your Health IQ? True/False

A shot of vodka has the same amount of alcohol that a can of beer has.

One drink can affect a person’s ability to drive.

Alcohol overdose can be fatal.Children of alcoholics have an increased risk of becoming alcoholics themselves.Alcoholism affects only the alcoholic.Drink driving is the number 1 cause of death among teens in the US.Slide30

Alcohol

The drug found in beer, wine, and liquor that causes intoxicationSlide31

Intoxication

Physical and mental changes produced by drinking alcoholSlide32

All forms of alcohol are dangerous.

The following contain equivalent amounts of alcohol:

One beer

Glass of wineShot of liquorSlide33

Short term effects of alcohol on the BODY

Irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus & stomach

Heart works harder because vessels are dilated

Body loses heat because vessels are dilatedLiver works harder because it processes toxic substances like alcohol- one drink per hourCauses dehydration because processing alcohol requires waterSlide34

Short term effects of alcohol on the MIND

Loss of judgment and self-control

Unable to follow complex thoughts or cope with difficult situations

Loss of inhibitions- natural limits people put on their own behaviorInability to focus eyesSlurred speechMood swingsSlide35

BAC

Blood alcohol concentration

Impacted by the following:

Gender Weight Amount of food in stomachAmount of alcohol consumedSlide36
Slide37

Legal concerns are important, but it is ESSENTIAL that you remember that you can consume a fatal amount of alcohol

before

you show signs of intoxication.Slide38

Binge drinking

Drinking five or more drinks in one sitting for men or four or more drinks for women

Causes the part of the brain that controls breathing & heart rate to dangerously slow

The brain & heart can stop workingAlcohol poisoning can be fatalSlide39

Long term effects of alcohol

Irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, anemia, enlarged heart

Brain damage shrunken & dead brain cells

Diminished immune systemIrritation to the esophagus & stomach, stomach bleeding, cancer of the mouth, esophagus, & stomachHepatitis, liver cancer, cirrhosisDecreased ability to absorb vitaminsSlide40

You do not have to be an alcoholic to suffer long term effects of alcohol use.Slide41

Section Review

Explain why alcohol is considered to be a drug.

Describe BAC and various factors that impact it.

Summarize the short term effects of alcohol on the body and on the mind.Define binge drinking and describe its dangers.What type of behavior would you expect to find at a party where people are drinking? Why do you think teens drink?Slide42

Write a 4-6 sentence paragraph describing what you think the stereotype of an alcoholic is.Slide43

Alcohol abuse

Drinking too much alcohol, drinking it too often, or drinking it at inappropriate times

Alcohol is the most widely used and abused drug in our society.Slide44

Alcoholism

Disease that causes a person to lose control of her drinking behavior- the drinker is physically and emotionally addicted to alcoholSlide45

Path to alcoholism

Problem drinking

- experimentation and social drinking

Tolerance- the user needs more for the same effectDependence- alcohol is needed to function normally; withdrawal occurs without itAlcoholism- the user is addicted to alcohol; alcohol comes before everything else, including food Slide46

Risk factors for alcoholism

Age

- brains of teenagers are still developing which makes them particularly vulnerable to alcohol’s effects

Social environment- hanging out with friends who drink alcohol increases the chance a person will drinkGenetics- alcoholism tends to run in families; scientists have identified genes linked to alcohol dependenceRisk-taking personality- people who are impulsive have a greater risk than people who are notSlide47

Warning signs of alcoholism

Drinking to deal with anger, frustration & disappointment

Changing friends, personal habits, & interests

Feeling depressedDrinking more for the same highDrinking aloneDrinking to get drunk

Experiencing memory lapses as a result of drinking alcoholSlide48

Alcoholism affects the family

Feelings of guilt

Unpredictable behavior

ViolenceEnabling- helping the alcoholic avoid the negative consequences of her behaviorCodependency- family or friend sacrifices his needs to meet the needs of the alcoholicSlide49

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Set of physical & mental defects that affect a fetus who has been exposed to alcoholSlide50
Slide51

Treatment for alcoholism

Treatment programs can help alcoholics deal with withdrawal from alcohol

Nervousness, headaches, chills, nausea, seizures, and uncontrollable shaking

Inpatient centers provide a sheltered place to go through withdrawal while getting counselingAlcoholics anonymous is the most widely used outpatient treatment programSlide52

Al-anon and Alateen are programs to support family members of alcoholics.Slide53

Write a 4-6 sentence paragraph describing characteristics of alcoholics. (Use composition paper.)Slide54

Section Review

Compare

enabling

and codependency.What’s the difference between alcohol abuse and alcoholism?Describe the stages leading to alcoholism.Describe warning signs of alcoholism.Explain how alcoholism affects society.Slide55

The number one cause of death among teens is motor vehicle accidents.

Many of these accidents are alcohol related.Slide56

Driving skills impacted by alcohol

Slows your reaction time

Affects your vision

Makes you drowsyReduces coordinationImpairs judgmentSlide57

Drinking, driving, and the law

Alcohol use is illegal for people under the age of 21

For legal drinkers, a BAC of .08% or higher is illegal

There is zero tolerance for people under the age of 21- it is illegal for them to have any alcohol in their systemsIn PA, teens with a BAC of .02% or higher can face serious penalties.http://www.penndot.gov/TravelInPA/Safety/TrafficSafetyAndDriverTopics/Pages/Young-Driver.aspxSlide58

Getting home safe & sober

Don’t drink

Plan ahead & use a

designated driver- a person who chooses not to drink so that he can safely driveArrange for a parent to pick you upCall a cabSlide59

Drinking puts your future at risk

JAIL

SEX

DRIVING

YOUR BRAINSlide60

Section Review

Define

designated driver

.What is the number one cause of death among teens?Describe 3 ways in which alcohol use can impact a teen’s future.Describe how alcohol impacts your driving skills.Given all the problems with alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and underage drinking, why do people continue to drink?Slide61

Poster project describing how alcohol use could impact your plans for the future- including marriage, parenting, & career.Slide62

Review packet for alcohol (STP)Slide63

What’s Your Health IQ? True/False

At high doses, nicotine is a nerve poison.

Chewing tobacco is safer than smoking tobacco because no smoke gets into the lungs.

Herbal cigarettes are safer than tobacco cigarettes because they don’t contain tobacco.You can smoke for many years before you start to harm your lungs.Secondhand smoke is dangerous to nonsmokers.

The placenta protects a fetus from chemicals in smoke from women who smoke during pregnancy.

Nonsmokers get fewer colds than smokers.Slide64

Types of tobacco products- they ALL contain nicotineSlide65

Nicotine

A mild stimulant and muscle relaxant at low doses

A powerful nerve poison at high doses

Sixty mg can kill most people1-2 mg are inhaled with each cigaretteAddictive drug found in all tobacco productsSlide66

Chemicals in cigarette smoke

There are over 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke including ammonia and carbon monoxide

There are at least 40

carcinogens- chemicals or agents that cause cancerTar is the sticky, black substance that coats the airways and contains many carcinogens including:Cyanide- a poisonous gas used in photo developmentFormaldehyde- substance used to preserve lab animalsVinyl chloride- flammable gas used to make plasticsSlide67

Chemicals in other tobacco products

Snuff contains 2-3 times more nicotine than cigarettes

Carcinogens found in chew include arsenic, nickel, benzopyrene, & polonium

Pipes & cigars have been linked to oral cancerSlide68

Section Review

Define

carcinogen

.What is nicotine?What is the black, sticky substance in tobacco smoke that contains many carcinogens and coats the lungs?Identify 5 tobacco products.List 4 harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke.Slide69

Chemicals in cigarettes video selection and reflectionSlide70

Draw an outline of a human person. Draw and label all the parts that you think might be affected by tobacco use.

SLO Pre-testSlide71

Short term effects of tobacco use

Nicotine causes the following:

Stimulates the brain reward system

Increases heart rate and blood pressureIncreases breathing rateIncreases blood sugar levelsStimulates the vomit reflexCarbon monoxide blocks oxygen from the bloodstream

Tar irritates the lungs

Chemicals in chew damage the inside of the mouthSlide72

Long term effects of tobacco use

Addiction

Bronchitis &

emphysema- a respiratory disease in which air cannot move in & out of the lungs because the alveoli lose their elasticityHeart & artery diseaseCancer. Many kinds of cancer, not just lungImmune system suppressionUlcers, stained fingers & teeth, bad breath, receding gums, smelly clothes, dulled sense of smell & tasteSlide73

Effects of smoke on nonsmokers

Sidestream smoke

is the smoke that escapes from the end of the cigarette, cigar, or pipe

Mainstream smoke is the smoke that is inhaled from the tobacco product and then exhaled by the smokerEnvironmental tobacco smoke is a new name for secondhand smoke which is a combination of sidestream and mainstream smokeSlide74

Dangers of secondhand smoke

Lung cancer kills 3400 nonsmokers every year

Linked with nasal sinus, cervix, breast, & bladder cancers

Children of smokers suffer from more asthma and lower respiratory & ear infections than other kidsCauses headaches, nausea, and dizzinessSlide75

Dangers of tobacco use during pregnancy

Chemicals from cigarette smoke pass through the placenta to the developing baby

Increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and

SIDS- a condition in which infants die during sleep for unknown reasonsInfants may have developmental problems and can even be physically dependent on nicotineSlide76

Section Review

Define

emphysema.

Compare mainstream and sidestream smoke.Define environmental tobacco smoke.Describe short term effects of tobacco use.Describe problems that infants can have if they are born to a mother who smokes.

What would your

healthful

response be to a friend who claims that smoking one cigarette won’t hurt?Slide77

SLO Post-testSlide78

Mark Twain said, “Quitting smoking is easy; I’ve done it dozens of times.” Write a 4-5 sentence paragraph explaining what you think he meant by this.Slide79

We have special reasons not to use tobacco.

Athletes

Brass or wind instrument players

Singers

Family with allergies or breathing problems

Family with smoking related illness

Anyone who wants to live a full, healthy lifeSlide80

Why do people choose to use?

Family and friends

Misconceptions

AdvertisingCuriosityRebellion Slide81

Costs of tobacco use

Families

Over $1500 per year for tobacco products

Lost wages due to illnessMedical billsFuneral costsSociety$167 billion per year

Medical care for smokers who can’t pay

Insurance costs paid by employers

Accidental firesSlide82

Tips for quitting smoking

Decide that you can do it

Get started- set a date; get rid of cigarettes & lighters

Change your habits- replace an unhealthy habit with a healthy oneSet goals- keep a calendar; celebrate your successGet support- parents, teachers, support groupsNicotine replacement therapy is a form of medicine that delivers a small amount of nicotine to the body to help a person quit smoking- ask your doctor first.Slide83

Section Review

Define

nicotine replacement therapy

.List 3 reasons why people begin using tobacco.Describe 3 ways tobacco use affects family and society.Describe how a person could make quitting smoking easier.Imagine that you have a family member who smokes heavily. What do you think would be the best way to try to convince them to quit?Slide84

Tobacco review packet (STP)Slide85

What’s Your Health IQ? True/False

If recreational drugs were really dangerous, people wouldn’t use them.

People can’t get addicted to marijuana.

Stimulants can help you study more effectively.Anabolic steroids are male hormones that make you appear more masculine.Opiates are safe because they’re used as medicine.Because I’m young, any damage drugs do to my brain will heal by the time I’m an adult.Slide86

Drug abuse

Intentional improper or unsafe use of a drugSlide87

Many recreational drugs are illegal. Possessing, using, buying, or selling these drugs is illegal.Slide88

Illegal drugs are dangerous

Dangerous & permanent effects on the brain & body

Addiction to almost all illegal drugs

Are a factor in many suicides, motor vehicle accidents, and crimesNeedle sharing brings the risk of infectious diseasesOverdose- taking too much of a drug causing sickness, loss of consciousness, permanent damage, or deathLoss of judgment leading to even more poor decisionsSlide89

Why do people choose to use?

Experimentation

Escape from depression or boredom

Risk-takingBelief that drugs will solve problemsPeer pressure Glamorization of drug use by the mediaSlide90

Teens and drugs

Teens feel lots of pressure which can put them at risk for abusing illegal drugs

Teens have a higher risk for addiction than adults

Young brains are still developingDrug use can have permanent effects on brain functionAltering brain development with drug use can result in a lifetime of struggle with addictionSlide91

Re-write the school’s drug & alcohol policy using terms & phrases used by teensSlide92

Section Review

Define

drug abuse

.Describe reasons why recreational drugs are dangerous.Identify reasons why teens try recreational drugs.Why are teens more vulnerable to recreational drug use than adults are?Describe two ways recreational drug use would affect your personal values and goals.Slide93

Robin Williams drug use documentarySlide94

Questions from day 1 of the Robin Williams drug use documentary. Slide95

What drugs do to your body reflection questionsSlide96

List 5 strategies that you think would help a teen avoid or refuse to use recreational drugs.Slide97

Marijuana video clipSlide98

Marijuana

Active chemical is THC

Can be detected in urine for several weeks after use

Usually smoked but can be eatenPot, weed, reefer, dopeSlide99

Marijuana

Effects of marijuana last 2-3 hours

Effects of smoked marijuana are felt within minutes while effects of ingested marijuana take 30-60 mins.

Slowed thinking

Loss of short-term memory

Attention problems

Panic attacks

Distorted sense of time & distance

Loss of balance & coordination

Giddiness

Increased appetiteSlide100

Marijuana and driving

Marijuana use directly impacts and impairs skills needed for safe driving

Using marijuana AND alcohol at the same time increases the dangers of drivingSlide101

People who use marijuana regularly build up tolerance. Tolerance leads to dependence, and users will experience withdrawal.Slide102

Inhalants videoSlide103

Inhalants

Drugs that are inhaled as vapors

Inexpensive & easy to get- makes it common with young people

Can be the first step in trying other illegal drugs- a gateway drugSlide104

Inhalants

Effects- hyperactivity, loss of inhibition, dizziness, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking & thinking, fear, anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of consciousness

Dangers- organ damage, death of brain cells, brain damage, coma, deathSlide105

Ecstasy videoSlide106

Ecstasy

MDMA, X, Adam, XTC

Most commonly abused club drug

Stimulant and hallucinogenicMuscle tension, teeth clenching, impaired learning & memory, nausea, chills, rapid heartbeat, heart attack, brain damage, deathSlide107

Section Review

Define

inhalants.

What makes inhalants especially dangerous?What are effects of marijuana use?Can you become physically dependent on marijuana?If a friend told you he bought some pills at a party, what good healthy advice would you give him about trying the pills?Slide108

Stimulants

Drugs that temporarily increase energy and alertnessSlide109

Stimulants

Caffeine and nicotine

- relatively mild; legal

Amphetamines- made in labs; can be used to treat neurological disorders and obesityMethamphetamine- meth, crystal, ice; permanent brain, kidney, & liver damage; EXTREMELY addictive & tolerance develops quicklyCocaine- agitation, paranoia, aggression; users can’t eat or sleep; addiction is very difficult to escapeSlide110

Methamphetamine or cocaine videoSlide111

Depressants

Drugs that cause relaxation and sleepiness; slows breathing & reduces brain activitySlide112

Depressants

Rohypnol

- roofies; date-rape drug; loss of inhibitions, disoriented, memory loss

DXM- legal ingredient in cough syrup; spacey feeling, loss of muscle control, hallucinationsTranquilizers- treat anxietyOverdose can cause breathing to stop resulting in brain damage, coma, or deathSlide113

Opiates

Highly addictive drugs derived from poppy plants; pain relievers, anesthetics, & sedativesSlide114

Opiates

Highly addictive with very unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

Heroin

OpiumMorphine & codeineSlide115

Heroin videoSlide116

Hallucinogens

Drugs that distort perception and cause the user to experience things that aren’t realSlide117

Hallucinogens

Emotional experiences seem deeper

Can produce extreme anxiety, fear, & paranoia

LSD- users can experience flashbacks: feeling the effects of the hallucinogen long after it has worn offMushrooms- flashbacks can occur months after use; it is hard to distinguish psilocybin from more toxic varieties of mushrooms and using the wrong kind can result in deathSlide118

Section Review

Define

stimulant

.Define depressant.Define opiate.Define hallucinogen.Identify medical uses for three drugs of abuse.

Why should police be cautious when confronting someone high on LSD?Slide119

List several of your life goals, people, and things that are important to you. Slide120

A few moments of feeling high can risk

EVERYTHING

else that is important to you.Slide121

Individual risks of drug abuse

Car accidents

Accidental injury or death

Violence & other criminal activityUnplanned pregnancySexually transmitted diseasesSlide122

Family risks of drug abuse

Trust is destroyed

25-50% of all family violence is drug related

Babies exposed to drugs in the womb are at risk for premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental problemsMothers who are addicted are at risk of delivering a baby who is physically dependent on that drugThe babies go through withdrawalSlide123

Societal risks of drug abuse

Economic cost- $350 billion per year in the US; $80 billion on substance abuse and addiction treatment

Lost work productivity, accidental injuries, car crashes, suicide, & overdose all hurt society

Crime- drug-related crime costs Americans $100 billion per yearOver 50% of violent crimes, 60-80% of child abuse & neglect, and 50-70% of property crimes are linked to drugsSlide124

Treatment for drug abuse

Because drugs affect the brain, addiction is a LONG and difficult problem

Recovering

is the process of learning to live without drugsMost addicts need support to recoverShould be managed by a professionalIn-patient and out-patient optionsHelp with the drug dependency and why the drug abuse started in the first placeSlide125

Effective treatment programs

No single treatment program works for everyone.

Treatment should be easy to access.

The longer an abuser stays in treatment, the more effective it will be.Interventions can be effective.Recovery may require several periods of treatment to combat relapse- a return to using drugs while trying to recover.Slide126

Local drug treatment programs- wallet card project Slide127

Section Review

Define

intervention

.Define relapse.Describe 3 ways that drug abuse can negatively affect an individual.Explain how drug abuse can hurt families.Why do you think drug treatment doesn’t have to be voluntary to be effective?Slide128

Illegal drugs review packet (STP)