End of the Cold War and Modern America 111 Conservatism Reagan and the End of the Cold War 1960s some US citizens called for political and social transformation ex Woodstock the youth but many citizens pushed back against social and political movements and comprised a new ID: 743633
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Slide1
K BoringUS History
Chapter 11
:
End of the Cold War and Modern AmericaSlide2
11.1 Conservatism, Reagan, and the End of the Cold WarSlide3
1960s
—some US citizens called for political and social transformation (ex = Woodstock / the youth), but many citizens pushed back against social and political movements and comprised a new
conservatism
:Believed in traditional valuesopposed extensive government regulationfavored private property rights over newly passed civil rights legislationSupported a strong military to oppose the USSR and communism
The Rise of ConservatismSlide4
Election of 1964
: f
irst notice in nation of rising conservatism
Barry Goldwater—first conservative to win the Republican nomination for president (President Johnson beat him)Impact:Proved that conservatives’ message resonated with many citizensShowed conservatives’ ability to organize well enough to win the nomination of a major political partyGoldwater’s argument that legislation violated constitutional property rights allowed him to become the
first Republican candidate to win southern states since the end of Reconstruction—ended “Solid South”
The Election of 1964Slide5
Section = “Ronald Reagan”
Questions in Your packet using
pg
226Slide6
Who was the new conservative after Goldwater
?
Ronald Reagan
What was he formerly?actorWhat type of personality
did he have?charismatic
What election did he win the presidency and against who?1980 against President Jimmy Carter (Democrat)
Ronald ReaganSlide7
“
Reaganomics
”: Reagan’s critics quickly called his economic plan this
Based on supply-side economics:Reagan believed that the economy would be stimulated and recover quickest if the supply of goods increasedSupported policies and corporate tax cuts that benefited producers (corporations, small business owners, investors, etc)“
trickle down theory”—benefits felt by business owners would “trickle down” to consumers and average working class—by cutting taxes, Reagan believed that business owners and employers would spend more money to hire workers and increase production
The Reagan YearsSlide8Slide9
National Debt
Ronald Reagan believed
two major things
needed to happen when he first became president:Size and role of government needed to decrease (he cut taxes and decreased government regulation)US military had to be strengthened (he spent a lot of money building the military)Massive spending + less revenue = record national debt“national debt” = amount of money a country owes as a result of spending more than it takes in as revenue
At first= people didn’t care and enjoyed tax cuts, but
President George H W Bush had to deal with the debt of the Reagan yearsThe Reagan YearsSlide10
Use this page to answer questions in packet
By self
Questions in Your packet using
pg 228Slide11
Who did Reagan refer to as the “
Evil Empire
” and
why?USSR—convinced that they couldn’t be trusted and would stop short of nothing but worldwide dominationWhat did he believe about the USSR and an arms race?Their communist economy could not survive an arms race much longerWhat did he plan to do and why?
Built up US military to defend US but also collapse communism in the USSR
How much money did he use?$1.5 trillionReagan and the “Evil Empire”Slide12
Who became the leader of the USSR and what kind of leader was
he?
Mikhail Gorbachev—progressive
What did he and Reagan strike up?Unlikely friendshipWhat happened in 1987?
They signed a treaty and reduced number of US and USSR missiles in EuropeWhat did Gorbachev
realize?USSR economy could not sustain an escalated arms race with the USReagan and Gorbachev / The Iron Curtain Comes DownSlide13
What two things did he initiate and what were they
?
Glasnost
—political opennessperestroika—restructuring of the economy to allow limited free enterpriseWhat caused the fall of communism
in the USSR and satellite nations?Glasnost, perestroika and the economic collapse of communist Eastern Europe
When the Berlin Wall fell, what else did?“iron curtain”
When was the Cold War over and what happened to the USSR?Early 90s, USSR dissolvedSlide14
Trials
:
Lebanon 1980s
—Reagan committed US forces to Lebanon as part of a UN peacekeeping mission after Israel and Palestinians began fighting againOver 200 US soldiers died as a result of a suicide bombingUS withdrew without peace being restoredIran-Contra AffairEmbarrassing scandal—US sold weapons to Iran in exchange for US hostages held in the Middle East and the money made was used to illegally fund anti-communist rebels in Nicaragua (the “Contras”)
Investigators never determined if he knew about this
Reagan’s Final Years and LegacySlide15
11.2 Events and Issues: 1990-2000Slide16
Use
pg
230-234:
First, read the entire section OUT LOUD360: After you read, create a presidential information “quick look up” including these presidents and 4 important things to remember about them: (See board for how to do this)Ronald Reagan (first section)George H W BushBill Clinton
TURN IN TO BASKET!
Fill in notes afterwardsPaired Reading / 360 Classroom / Fill InSlide17
George H. W. Bush
What were the
two points of view on foreign oil
and their reasoning behind their thoughts?
George H W Bush
Bush
Saddam Hussein oil
Liberation of Kuwait
73
90s
oil
Believed US should
not rely heavily on foreign oil
—especially if they didn’t maintain good relations with USA—some called for
more oil drilling at home
(US)
Some feared drilling in US
damage the environment
, wanted to pursue
alternative sources
for fuelSlide18
Who
did
Republicans
want to win?President George H W BushWho did Democrats nominate?Bill Clinton
Why had Democrats suffered in recent elections?
Perceived as “tax and spend liberals”—raise taxes and fund big governmentClinton portrayed himself as a “New Democrat” which was?Moderate, between liberal and conservative
Who and what made the 92 election so different?Had a formidable third party candidate
Why did
Perot
gain so much support
?
People felt discontent with the federal government
What caused Perot to lose support
?
Inconsistency—dropped out of race suddenly
With how much percent did Clinton win the presidency
?
Less than 50%
The Economy and the Election of
1992Slide19
The Clinton Presidency
Economic and Domestic Affairs
The “Contract with America” and ’94 Election
Scandal and Impeachment
The economy saw an upswing during the Clinton presidency.
-went from
______________ to _________
Budget deficit:
Budget surplus:
NAFTA:
Labor unions feared—
Argument for NAFTA—
Clinton sought to improve
_________________
Disturbed—
Appointed (and for what)—
Clinton presented—
The plan was
_____________
by Congress
Conservatives felt
—
Critics argued—
1994, Republicans won—
Newt Gingrich
instituted—
Contract with America:
What kind of elections were in 1994?
1995—
1996—
Budget
battle:
1996-Clinton’s
welfare reform
:
Clinton’s legacy attached—
Scandal with
Monica Lewinsky—
August 1998— Dec 1998— Only ____ president in history to be ______________ Nixon— Clinton’s presidency survived—
Budget deficit
Budget surplus
Spending more money than gov’t makes in a year
Spending less money than gov’t makes in a year
Promoted free trade btwn US, Mexico and Canada-caused controversy
US businesses would move to Mexico
Increase foreign market, create more jobs in US
US healthcare system
40 million US citizens didn’t have healthcare
Hilary Clinton—create health care program reform
Program that gave every US citizen affordable healthcare
rejected
Too expensive
It would hurt the health care in US
Control of House and Senate
Contract with America
Conservatives promised to cut back spending, cut taxes, and balance the budget
congressional
Clinton (dem) and the Republican Congress didn’t agree on budget, gov’t shut down
welfare reform instituted by Clinton,
1995 incident between democratic Clinton and republican Congress-resulted in gov’t shutdown
“the end of welfare as we know it”, limits and conditions put on welfare
Series of scandal
Final scandal where he denied sexual relations, then admitted to it
Admitted having an inappropriate relationship
House voted to impeach him
2nd
impeached
Resigned before he could be impeached
Senate acquitted himSlide20
Swing state of Florida
Election in US History
Winner in the Electoral College didn’t win the popular vote
Al Gore
George W Bush
Florida’s vote count
25 electoral votes
The amount of electoral votes needed to win election
Confusion b/c of two time zones, panhandle and Florida main-body, votes kept going back and forth, too close and news kept getting the vote wrong
month
To stop recounts
George W Bush
Bush stole election
Dems too “dumb” to count correctly, so shouldn’t be able to win anywaySlide21
11.3 The Middle East and Rise of TerrorismSlide22
Since 1948 (founding of Israel) Muslim nations in the Middle East hostile towards Jewish Israelis
Many nations refuse to recognize Israel’s existences since they took Palestinian land
US helps Israel = Middle East angry at US
Caused US to become target of Islamic terrorists: criminals who destroy property or kill innocent civilians in the name of a political or social cause (radical form of Islam—advocates violence to overthrow US and other western nations)Al Qaeda: most formidable and best known Islamic terrorist group
Osama bin Laden—founding leader of Al Qaeda—linked to attacks on US military and embassy bombings
The Middle East and Rise of TerrorismSlide23
Date: Sept 11, 2001
Terrorists hijacked planes (jetliners) and flew them into:
World Trade CenterPentagonone in a route unknown crashed in a field in PennsylvaniaWorld Trade Center collapsed, lives lost, Pentagon enflamed9/11:
brought the reality of terrorism home to the US and shook people’s sense of national security
The Terrorist Attacks of 9/11Slide24Slide25
Use
pg
236-237 to fill in the rest of the notes for 11.3
Notes Fill InSlide26
The War on Terror—Afghanistan—War in
Iraq
“war on terror”
Prepare and protect nation against future terrorist attacks
Tightened, color-coded terrorist alert system put in place to warn passengers of risks
Increased authority of US law enforcement agencies, greater latitude in obtaining informationInfringing on civil rights
Al Qaeda/Osama bin Laden
Formed international coalition to take diplomatic and military action
Taliban was protecting him
, refused to give him up (in Afghanistan)
Operation Enduring Freedom
, toppled Taliban and made it difficult for Al Qaeda
Finally shot and killed bin Laden
Strike first against terrorists
Terrorist supported by a national government
War in Iraq
—believed Hussein had weapons of mass destruction
WMD
– weapons of mass destruction
Democratic
govt
, opportunities for women, new constitution, building projects
Increased, US soldiers have died
Obama
announced to withdraw troops from Iraq before 2012Slide27
Where
has the
US often exercised influence
?Middle EastTraditionally the US has been the ally of what country?Israel
What did Jimmy Carter play a key role in doing?
Negotiating a long lasting peace between Egypt and IsraelWhat did he use to do this?Camp David Accords
Do we still exercise influence in the Middle East?Yes
US Influence in the Middle
EastSlide28
What causes the Middle East to
resent the US
?
American ties to IsraelWhat is Iran doing?Building up of nuclear weapons
What happened starting in 2011?
Wave of revolutions in the Middle EastWhy will the Middle East remain a region of interest for the US?
Oil supplies, key trading routes, important geographic locationSlide29
11.1—
pg
229
11.2—pg 23411.3—pg 237-238AFTER YOU ARE DONE!!!!!! DO USA TEST PREP! DO NOT SIT IDLE!
Practice 11.1, 11.2, 11.3Slide30
9/11 VideoSlide31
11.4 Key Issues Facing Modern AmericaSlide32
Read
pg
238-242 and as you do—fill in your notes for the section
Notes Fill In-- Slide33
Immigration
Economic Disparity
One of greatest reasons for—
More and more immigrants from—
Many tend to immigrate—Growing number tend—
Result— Effect of this increase—
Bilingualism: Government and School starting to communicate in—
Some argue—
Proponents point out—
Because many immigrants are here illegally—
Advocates—
Critics—
They also claim—
Economic Disparity
:
Compared to the rest of the world (REMEMBER THIS!)—
Bulk of the nation’s wealth—
On average—
Due to
urban flight
—
Urban flight:
How to deal with issue—
Conservatives—
Liberals--
Racial/cultural diversity in US
Latin America
legally
Illegal immigrants
US Hispanic population has grown tremendously
Controversy of bilingualism
Accommodating for the use of more than one language
Spanish as well as English
Such practices are disruptive because they hinder newcomers to the SU from learning English and serve to divide rather than unite the US
Enables immigrants to learn more easily and maintain their cultural identity
Some want existing immigration laws strictly enforced
Say illegal immigrants drain nation’s health care system and public services without contributing enough taxes to cover the costs
Immigrants want a better way of life
They fill jobs American won’t do
Differences in income and assets that exist when comparing individuals and/or different populations within a societyAlmost all US citizen compares favorably economicallyIn the hands of a relatively small percentage of US citizensWhite US citizens do better economicallyInner cities economically worse offMiddle class citizens left the cities for suburbsPolitical debate
Less gov’t control, gov’t provide equal opportunity for all citizens to pursue success without hindering the process w/ regualtion
or high taxes
Government should get more involved, higher taxes to put revenue into gov’t programsSlide34
President
Barack Obama
:
The election of _________ proved to be another historic presidential campaign. Having served _____ terms, President George ____ Bush could not run again. The Republican party nominated _________________ from Arizona who made histroy
when he became the first Republican to choose a woman to run as his __________________ running mate. She was Alaska's Goveror
, __________________. The Democrats nominated ________________, though experts thought they would nominate the former first lady _____________________. Obama became the first _____________________ president in the US.
2008
2
W
John McCain
Vice-presidential
Sarah Palin
Barack Obama
Hilary Clinton
African AmericaSlide35
The Real Estate
Crisis
:
_______
entered the White House during a challenging economic time. During the 90s and early parts of 21st century, banks and other lenders had greatly relaxed lending standards to finance
_______. Lower standards meant more people qualified for loans to
purchase _______. More people bought homes and the ____ estate market
_______,
_____________ increased and many US citizens found jobs related to the housing market.
Unfortunately, these loans were _____________ mortgages
,
which meant that the payment would
"balloon"
over time to a higher rate.
Eventually, people lost
____
and unemployment meant that people could not afford their
__________.
A record number of people went into _____________ (lost their homes to lenders they could no longer pay back) and this created a
________
of houses on the market. Real estate prices dropped ____________ and the
__________
crisis ensue. Construction
_________.
Many homeowners found
themselves ______________
in their mortgages which means that they owed their lender more money than their house was worth.
Obama
homes
houses
real
boomed
construction
ballooning
jobs
mortgage
foreclosure
surplus
drastically
Real estate
halted
“upside down”Slide36
The Stimulus Plan
: Obama's
____
strategy to deal with the economic crisis involved passing a _____________________. It pumped large _______ of federal money into the economy with the goal of creating __________. This plan also provided __________ of dollars to save several key businesses from going ___________. It also helped prevent the US _______ industry from going under. More than _______ years into Obama's tenure, _______________ continued to rise, the real estate market continued to flounder, businesses still weren't
____________ and it appeared to most citizens that Obama's stimulus had ________.
1st
stimulus package
sums
jobs
billions
bankrupt
auto
3
unemployment
expanding
failedSlide37
Taxes
: ______ remain a key area of debate. President Obama and others argue that tax cuts passed under
______________should
be ended because it gave too much advantage to big _______and the wealthiest _________. Republicans, however, _______ Obama's policies. They argued that ending ______tax cuts would take more money away from ________ owners at the very time businesses needed money to expand and ____________.
They also pointed out that that nation's ____________ citizens already paid a vast majority of taxes and were also the people who ended
to own businesses. Opponents argued that forcing them to pay more taxes would only discourage them from hiring people, producing goods, and pumping__________ into the economy
Taxes
President Bush
business
Americans
opposed
Bush
business
Create jobs
Wealthiest
moneySlide38
Globalization
:
Due to ____________ and ___________ ties, the world is more connected than ever before.
________________ has resulted in a worldwide _________
and communications that link the ___________ together. What threatens the security or economic stability of ____ nation
quickly impacts others as well. As a result, nations like the US have a vested interest, not only in their own _________
and stability, but in the security and ____________ of countries around the world. The ___________________is
one example of economic
______________.
The EU unites these nations
economically
and uses the ___________ as a common currency. In recent years, the EU has faced problems as several member countries have built up massive
______.
A few of these countries have even come close to going
_______________. Such
instability can have drastic effects not
only
in
_________,
but across the
___________.
technology
economic
Globalization
economy
world
1
security
stability
European Union (EU)
globalization
the Euro
debt
bankrupt
Europe
the globeSlide39
11.4 Practice =
pg
242-243
Ch 11 Review = pg 244-246USAT WHEN YOU ARE DONE!Practice and ReviewSlide40