Ketamine is used as a general anesthetic for humans and animals to prevent pain and discomfort during medical tests procedures and minor surgeries Ketamine was discovered by Dr Cal Stevens of Wayne State University in 1961 It was the most commonly used anesthetic in the Vietnam Wa ID: 504722
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Slide1
KetamineSlide2
Ketamine
is used as a general anesthetic , for humans and animals, to prevent pain and discomfort during medical tests, procedures, and minor surgeries. Slide3
Ketamine
was discovered by Dr. Cal Stevens of Wayne State University in 1961. It was the most commonly used anesthetic in the Vietnam War.
Ketamine works much like LSD or PCP and produces similar side-effects.
Here’s some history…Slide4
Different names for
Ketamine
are:
Black Hole
Bump
Cat Valium
Green Jet K
Kit Kat
Purple Special K Super Acid Slide5
Ketamine
can
be ingested, smoked, snorted or injected. Slide6
Liquid to Powder
Ketamine is made in a liquid form but can be evaporated into a powder that is either compressed into pills or snorted.Slide7
Liquid to powder continued….
It
can be poured onto glass or a mirror and dried then scraped and snorted.
When Ketamine is snorted it takes 5-15 minutes to take effect.Slide8
Intra-muscular injection is also a widely used method for abuse. Injected Ketamine
takes
only a
few seconds to work.Slide9
The way a person feels after taking
ketamine
depends on many factors:
Age and weight
M
edical
or psychiatric conditions The amount of ketamine
taken
How often and for how long ketamine has been used Use
of other drugs, including non-prescription, prescription, and street drugs Slide10
Has been described as a near death experienceFeel a sensation of rising above one’s body
Being in a stupor similar to being drunk
Slurred speech
Nausea Unable to move Hallucination
Numbness
Impaired attention
DeliriumAmnesiaImpaired motor function
K-Hole or K-LandSlide11
Acute Effects
Distorted perceptions of sight and sound
Lost sense of time and identity
Out of body experiences
Dream-like feeling
Feeling out of control
Impaired motor function Problems breathingConvulsions
Vomiting
Memory problems Numbness Loss of coordination Aggressive or violent behavior Depression
High blood pressure Slurred speechSlide12
Ketamine
distorts
a person’s visual and auditory perceptions and produces feelings of detachment from themselves and the environment.Slide13
Ketamine
is one of the 3 most common date rape drugs. It is odorless and tasteless, so it can be added to beverages without being detected.Slide14
Flashbacks of experiences and hallucinations have been reported.
There have been suggestions that long-term use of
Ketamine
can damage the memory and eyesight of the user. Frequent use can cause disruptions in consciousness and lead to neuroses or other mental disorders.
Long-Term EffectsSlide15
When
ketamine
enters the body it is absorbed into the bloodstream where it travels to the brain. In the brain, it redistributes a neurotransmitter called glutamate. Glutamate is a type of neurotransmitter involved in memory, learning, the perception of pain and responses to the environment.
Effects On The BrainSlide16
Yes, if used often, the body quickly builds a tolerance to the drugs effects and larger dosages are consumed.
Ketamine
can cause a tremendous psychological and physical dependence. When people stop taking
ketamine, they may experience depression or anxiety.
Is
Ketamine
Addictive?Slide17
Can you die from too much Ketamine
?
Yes, maybe….
Deaths
with abuse of
ketamine alone are rare. An overdose of Ketamine will knock you out unconscious. If repeatedly taken in large doses, it can cause failure of the cardiovascular system, leading to death. The majority of deaths occur when
ketamine
is combined with depressants like alcohol, or valiums. Slide18
Experimental a
ntidepressant
u
se conducted by Carlos Zarate
Jr., MD, of the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda,
Md
One trial administered ketamine to patients with severe depression. The doses were carefully monitored to prevent hallucinogenic side effects. The patients' normal medications were continued because it was feared that stopping them might result in severe depressive episodes. Two of the patients demonstrated significant, long-term improvement.
Another small study found that
ketamine improved treatment-resistant major depression within hours of injection. The improvement lasted up to one week after the single dose. These patients were previously treatment resistant, having tried an average of six other treatments that failed.
Other Uses for
KetamineSlide19
Treatment of Addiction A Russian doctor
Evgeny
Krupitsky (Saint Petersburg Regional Center for Research in Addiction and Psychopharmacology) has claimed to have good results by using ketamine
as part of a treatment for alcohol addiction. This method involved psychotherapy, controlled
ketamine
use and group therapy. The result was 60 of the 86 alcoholic males remained sober through one year of treatment. For heroin addiction, the same researcher concluded that 1
ketamine
-assisted psychotherapy session was more effective than a placebo in promoting abstinence from heroin during one year of treatment. Other uses continued…Slide20Slide21
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Tumour - Domitor
Ketamine IV Anaesthesia. Digital image. TOA PAYOH VETS. 6 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://www.sinpets.com/F5/20110806domitor-ketamine-dosage-Singapore-ToaPayohVets.htm>. "
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Ketamine
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Lankenau
, Stephen E., and Michael C.
Clatts
. "
Ketamine
Injection Among High Risk Youth: Preliminary Findings From New York City." J Drug Issues (2002): 893-905. National
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Ketamine
Associated Psychedelic Effects And Dependence."
Songapore
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Ketamine
And Addiction." Primary Psychiatry 15.9 (2008): 61-69. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). MBL Communications, Sept. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.
Works Cited