By Kadish Hagley and Cecil Brooks Jr Department of Geology Colby College httpuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsff6TaalVolcanoaerial2013jpg Basic Facts and Location Taal is on Luzon Island ID: 418595
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Slide1
Taal Volcano
By: Kadish Hagley and Cecil Brooks Jr.
Department of Geology, Colby College
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Taal_Volcano_aerial_2013.jpgSlide2
Basic Facts and Location
Taal is on Luzon Island,
Philippines, 14°0′7″N 120°59′34″EPacific Ring of Fire
On the
Eurasian Plate
50 km (31 mi) south of the capital city, Manila (pop. 12,000,000)Second most active volcano in the Philippines (33 Historical Eruptions)Slide3
Tectonic Setting
Taal lies on a subduction zone.
The Eurasian Plate is being subducted underneath the Philippine Mobile Belt (which contains the Philippine Sea plate and the Manila
Trench)
.Slide4
Taal’s Dimensions
Taal is one of the
shortest active volcanoes in the world!
Highest Elevation: 311 m (1,020 ft.)
Area of Caldera: Approximately 15 x 20 square kilometers (115.8 square miles)Slide5
Taal’s Form…….is Tricky!
Located on an island (Volcano Island), within a caldera/lake (Taal Lake) within an island (Luzon)
Relatively young; formed only 500,000 years ago
Considered a stratovolcano or a complex volcano of a hydroclastic nature
Taal Volcano contains a lake called Crater
Lake Crater lake is the largest lake on an island in a lake on an island IN THE WORLD! (Give me a break!)Slide6Slide7Slide8Slide9
Eruptive History
Has erupted 33
times since being first discovered in 1572 by Augustinian Friars
Years of Eruption: 1977, 1976, 1970, 1969, 1968, 1967, 1966, 1965, 1911, 1904, 1903, 1885?, 1878, 1874, 1873, 1842, 1825, 1808, 1790, 1754, 1749, 1731, 1729, 1716, 1715, 1709, 1707, 1645, 1641, 1635, 1634, 1609, 1591, 1572Slide10
Eruption Types
1. Phreatic – steam eruption without lava ejection (e.g. 1878, 1911, 1970)
2. Phreatomagmatic – explosive water-magma interaction (e.g. 1749, 1965, 1966)
3. Strombolian – short-lived, explosive eruptions with relatively viscous lava (e.g. 1968, 1969)
4. Plinian – powerful convecting eruptions filled with ash (e.g. 1754)Slide11
Precursors to
Eruptions
1. Increase in frequency of quakes with occasional felt events accompanied by rumbling sounds
2.
T
emperature and level of Main Crater Lake increases
3. N
ew thermal
vents develop
and/or old ones reactivat
e
4. Ground swells or inflation and ground fissuring
5.
T
emperature of ground probe holes at Mt. Tabaro rises
6. Sulfuric odor
with
acidic fumes
7. Fish
die
and vegetation dr
ies
up Slide12
Began on January 30, 1911, this eruption is considered one of the worst volcanic disasters in history
The eruption killed about 1400 people in Manila, 702 Cattle, destroyed 543 homes
Many deaths were attributed to the ½ inch ashfall
VEI= 3.7 (Pinatubo VEI = 6)
75,000,000 cubic meters of solid matter
Allowed Taal to be classified as a “decade volcano” to incentivize study to prevent future disasterEruption of 1911Slide13
Recent Volcanic Activity
2012 Unrest
60 Earthquakes recorded in a 24 hour period; highest intensity earthquake was a III2011 Unrest
Placed on level 2 alert in April of 2011 due to intrusion of magma to surface
Sites close to volcano closed off to visitors due to toxic gas (carbon dioxide) scare
2010 UnrestLoud hissing sounds heard by many
Large increase in
crater lake temperature
Magmatic intrusion
2008 Earthquakes
10 earthquakes were recorded at
TaalSlide14
Diverse Range of Volcanic Products
Pyroclastic lava flows
Toxic gases (Mostly CO2 and Sulphur) Lake tsunamis
Lakeshore flooding
Lahars
EarthquakesGround fissuring Subsidence Landslides
Turbulent
ash flowsSlide15
Diverse Range of Volcanic Products
A series of explosive eruptions has created large deposits of
ignimbrite, a volcanic product typical of pyroclastic flows.Significant amounts of olivine basalt and andesite can be found on Taal in addition to ignimbrite.Slide16
Tourism
Tourism is a big part of Taal
, especially in its caldera.Tourists can travel to the top of the v
olcano
by
horseback or foot.Despite trace amounts sulfuric acid, tourists can bathe in the lake.Well received trip on TripAdvisor: 4/5 stars, 79% of people would recommend.There are a variety of excursions and day trips to Taal from Manila, San Nicolas, and Talisay.Slide17
Tourism Slide18
Geothermal Activity
The Philippines is currently the world’s second-largest producer of geothermal energy (next to the United States).Six new geothermal power contracts were approved by the Philippines’ Department of Energy in 2011.
Despite the presence of a hydrothermal reservoir and natural geothermal activity under Taal, there is currently no human collection of energy from Taal’s volcanic activity.Slide19
Monitoring
Principal Monitoring done by the
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology or PHIVOLCS. Monitoring Methods:
1. Seismic monitoring (number of volcanic quakes and tremors)
2. Visual observations 3. Ground deformation (EDM, precise leveling, tilt) 4. Main Crater Lake chemistry, temperature and levelSlide20
Image Sources
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Taal_Volcano_aerial_2013.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Volcano#mediaviewer/File:Philippines_relief_location_map_(square).svghttp://www.malapascua.de/Volcanoe-Map/Taal__Philippines/Taal-Map4-300x327.jpg
http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4014/4639392140_21dff694cc.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Lake#mediaviewer/File:Taal_lake_vicinity.png
http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g1587912-d548158-i115552099-Taal_Volcano-Batangas_Province_Calabarzon_Region_Luzon.htmlhttp://volcano.oregonstate.edu/taalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Volcano#mediaviewer/File:Crater_lake_02.jpgSlide21
Bibliography
Hike Taal Volcano
www.taalvolcano.org/information.htmVolcano World – Taal
volcano.oregonstate.edu/taal
Taal Volcano
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_VMEPD/Volcano/ VolcanoList/taal.htmTaal Lake
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Lake
Taal Volcano
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Volcano
Taal Volcano
http://www.iml.rwth-aachen.de/Petrographie/taal.html#Hazards
Taal Volcano
http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/taal.html
Taal Volcano
http://volcanolive.com/taal.html