Chapter 19 Lesson 5 Catastrophes and Conflicts Famine The Black DeathBubonic Plague swept Asia and Europe Disputes in the Church reduced its authority The English and the French battled over territory in the Hundred Years War ID: 368327
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Slide1
The Late Middle Ages
Chapter 19 Lesson 5Slide2
Catastrophes and Conflicts
Famine
The Black Death/Bubonic Plague swept Asia and Europe
Disputes in the Church reduced its authority
The English and the French battled over territory in the Hundred Years’ War
Christians in the Iberian Peninsula fought to drive out the Muslims and the JewsSlide3
Famine
Medieval Europe enjoyed great prosperity until the 1200s
Then, disaster struck…
Cold winters and rainy summers created miserable conditions
Crops rotted and livestock died from diseases
Soon, the crops could not support Europe’s growing population
1315-1322: major famine in northern Europe
People starved to death and died from epidemics of diseaseSlide4
The Plague Comes to Europe
Plague: disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
Spread from Asia to Europe
Probably began in Central Asia and spread to India, the Middle East, and Europe through trade
Broke out in China in 1300s
Between 40-60 million died in China—half the population
Black Death=Bubonic Plague
Caused by a type of bacteria that was spread by fleas from animals to animals, specifically the ratsRat-infested caravans and ships carried the disease from one region to the next1347-1351: Deaths in Europe ranged from 19-38 million people—1/3 to ½ of the population diedSlide5Slide6
The Effects of the Plague
People didn’t know why the plague occurred
Some thought God was punishing them for their sins
Some blamed the Jews
Result: Some Germans kicked Jews out of some of the cities
Huge effect on economy
Trade declined
Wages rose b/c of high demand for workersFewer people=less food needed=food prices droppedLandlords had to pay people more to get them to work their landsSome peasants began to pay rent instead of providing services
Serfs gained more rightsWeakened feudalismSlide7
Ring around the rosy
A pocketful of posies
"Ashes, Ashes"
We all fall downSlide8
Conflicts in the Church
1378-1417: Great Schism deeply divided the Catholic Church
1054: Great Schism between Catholic Church and Byzantine Church
2-3 church leaders claimed to be the rightful pope
Caused great confusion/doubt in Europe
1417: New pope was accepted and elected=Great Schism and the confusion died down
Powerful kings questioned the
pope’s powersPeople criticized growing wealth and power of
clergyJohn Wycliff: insisted that the Bible was the source
of Christian truth--not the church; he was a
Christian martyr and was burned at the stakeSlide9Slide10
The Hundred Years’ War
For centuries, England and France had fought over the control of areas of western French lands
The French wanted to unite all French lands
King Edward III of England declared himself the king of France and invaded the country
Result: a war that lasted 100 years
Causes:
Land
Economic rivalryGrowing sense of national prideSlide11
English Victories
In the beginning
:
England was victorious
Had superior weapons such as the longbow and an early form of a cannonSlide12
Joan of Arc
1412-1431
Born in a village in France
Daughter of a tenant farmer
As a teenager, felt guided by the voices of three saints
Traveled to ask Charles, the crown prince, to let her fight
Faced examination by church authorities about her faith and the voices she heardSlide13
Joan of Arc
Joan took a French army to the battle at Orleans
Defeated the English and freed the city
French victory there unified France and led to the coronation of Charles as king
Joan later captured by the English
Accused of being a witch
Burned at the stake
Later declared a French national hero and a Catholic saintHer courage gave rise to a French rally to win the warSlide14
Hundred Years’ War Effects on the English
England’s nobles were bitter about the loss of French lands
Late 1400s: fought each other over who should be king
Civil war known as the Wars of the Roses
Henry Tudor won and became known as King Henry VII of EnglandSlide15
Muslims Forced Out
Muslims ruled much of the Iberian peninsula during the MA
Spain and Portugal
Muslims Developed rich cultures with schools, palaces, and mosques
Christians, drove out many of the Muslims
Known as the
Reconquista
(ray-kohn-KEES-tuh), or
reconquest1250: 3 Christian kingdoms and 1 Muslim kingdomChristian kingdoms: Aragon, Portugal, and Castile
Muslim Kingdom: Granada
1469: Prince Ferdinand (Aragon) and Princess Isabella (Castile) married and created one catholic kingdom: Spain
1492: Spain conquered Granada
Muslims were ordered to convert or leave
Most left and went to North AfricaSlide16
Jews Forced Out
Many Iberian Jews lived peacefully under Muslim rule
When Christians took over, many Jews were mistreated
Many Jews converted to avoid persecution
Ferdinand and Isabella believed some of converted Jews were secretly practicing Judaism
To force obedience to the Catholic Church, they created the Spanish Inquisition
Tried and tortured thousands accused of being disloyal to the Catholic Church in Spain
1492: Ferdinand and Isabella ordered Jews to convert or leaveMost left to avoid charges of heresy