and TraumaInformed Reentry Services for Women Christine BrownTaylor MSW Reentry Services Manager San Diego Sheriffs Department Several slides provided by Stephanie Covington and Barbara Bloom ID: 630885
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Slide1
2015
Creating Gender-Responsiveand Trauma-Informed Reentry Services for Women
Christine Brown-Taylor, MSW
Reentry Services Manager
San Diego Sheriff’s Department
Several slides provided by Stephanie Covington and Barbara Bloom Slide2
Today’s Focus
Reentry Services for Women Criminal Justice PracticesGender Responsive Strategies Where are we going as a system?
2015Slide3
2015
Women in theCriminal Justice System
What do we know?Slide4
Post-realignment, new prison admissions of women declined by 60%.
11,888 2007
10,096 2010
9,565 2011
6,216 2014
2015
California Realignment
Source: CDCR 2014Slide5
San Diego Sheriff’s Department
Women in CustodyAt 818, the number of women in custody changed with realignment and Prop 4735% of the women are realigned
The average length of stay for the realigned women is 391 days
2015Slide6
Ethnicity of women at Las Colinas
2015Slide7
Women in the CJ System
When compared with men, women:
Have a higher prevalence of mental/physical health problems, including trauma related to abuse
Have patterns of drug abuse that are more socially embedded – revolving around their interpersonal relationships
2015Slide8
2015
Mental Illness
Substance
Abuse
Homelessness
Trauma
HIV/
AIDS
Other
Health Problems
Source: Vivian Brown, Ph.D.Slide9
Substance Abuse among LCDRF women
71% of women test positive for drugs or alcohol at booking
31% of the women who test positive, test positive for multiple drugs.
The rate of Meth use continues to increase with 41% admitting use within 30 day period prior to arrest.
2016Slide10
Violence Against Women
25% of women in county jails report being raped at some time in their lives
Women’s substance abuse is highly correlated with physical & sexual abuse
Women
have
much higher rates of childhood and adult trauma exposure
Women involved in Human Trafficking
2015Slide11
Mental Health
Women in the criminal justice system have a higher incidence of mental disorders than women in general
Approximately 75% with serious mental illness also have co-occurring substance abuse disorders
The pathway to drug use & abuse is more complex for women
2015Slide12
Children
Approximately 70% of female inmates have at least 1 child under 18
An estimated 1.3 million minor children have a mother under correctional supervision
7% of women booked in San Diego report being pregnant.
2015Slide13
Education & E
mploymentAn estimated 55% of women in jail
s
have a high school degree
CJ involved women in San Diego are significantly more likely to be unemployed
at arrest: 66% versus 50% for men
.
2015Slide14
Gender
MattersGender matters significantly in shaping patterns of offending as well as the criminal justice system’s response to criminal offending.
Current sentencing laws are based on male characteristics and male crime and fail to take into account the reality of women’s lives, characteristics, responsibilities, and roles in crime.
2015Slide15
Criminal Justice Practices
There is a need to develop gender-responsive programming for women that are based on their life circumstances and pathways to crime.Criminal justice practices that impact women such as bail, sentencing, classification, management strategies, and transition to the community have gendered implications.
2015Slide16
Making the Case
for Appropriate Policy & Practice for Criminal Justice Involved Women
Gender responsiveness is key to meeting the
goals of the criminal justice system by:
Acknowledging differences between men & women
Targeting pathways to offending
Developing policy & practice
2015Slide17
Five Key Findings . . .
An effective system for females is structured differently than for males
Gender-responsive policy & practice targets women’s pathways to criminality by providing effective interventions that address four central issues: substance abuse, trauma, mental health, & economic marginality
2015Slide18
Correctional sanctions & interventions consider the lesser degree of harm created by the typical offense patterns of women
Gender-responsive policy & practice consider women’s relationships (especially family) & their roles in the community when delivering both sanctions & interventions
Community services are essential to a gender-responsive CJ system
2015Slide19
Women’s Reentry Challenges
Reunification with ChildrenEmploymentHousingSubstance Abuse TreatmentMedical and Mental Health Services
Childcare
Support Systems
2015Slide20
2015
Gender-Responsive Strategies: Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles
for Women Offenders
National Institute of Corrections
Barbara Bloom, Ph.D.
Barbara Owen, Ph.D.
Stephanie Covington, Ph.D.Slide21
2015
Gender-Responsive TreatmentCreating an environment through:
site selection
staff selection
program development
content and material
that reflects an understanding of the realities of the lives of women and girls, and
addresses and responds to their strengths and challenges.
Source: Covington, S.S., & Bloom, B.E. (2006). Gender-responsive treatment and services in correctional settings. In E. Leeder (Ed.),
Inside and out: Women, prison, and therapy
. Binghamton, NY: Haworth.Slide22
Women’s Risk/Needs Assessment
Gender Neutral COMPAS:
Criminal history
Criminal thinking (sample variations)
Antisocial associates
Vocational/educational
Financial problems
Low family support
Housing problems
Substance abuse
2015
(National Resource Center on Justice Involved Women)Slide23
Women’s Risk/Needs Assessment
COMPAS – women’s versionGender Responsive:
Mental health history
Depression/anxiety (symptoms)
Psychosis/suicidal (symptoms)
Victimization/trauma
Relationship dysfunction
Parental stress
Housing safety
And
strengths
(self-efficacy, family support, parental involvement, and
educational assets)
2015
(National Resource Center on Justice Involved Women)Slide24
Treatment Components Associated with Better Outcomes for Women
Review of 38 studies with randomized and non-randomized comparison group designs:Child carePrenatal careWomen-only admissionsSupplemental services and workshops on women’s focused topics
Mental health services
Intensive case management
Comprehensive programming
2015Slide25
Where are we going -Challenges to Implementing New Practices in Community/Correctional Settings
Staff training
Fidelity to treatment protocols
Correctional vs. therapeutic orientations
Working within the culture of “mistrust” within CJ environments
Program assessment & evaluation
Source:
Grella
, 2008
2015Slide26
As children, boys and girls suffer similar rates of abuse
Girls - sexually abused Boys - emotional neglect or physical abuse. In adolescence, boys are at greater risk if they are gay, young men of color, or gang members.
Young men - people who dislike or hate them.
Young women – relationships; from the person to whom she is saying, “I love you.”
Adulthood
Man - combat or being a victim of crime
Woman – relationship; the person “I love you.”
Gender and Abuse
2015Slide27
Trauma-Informed
ServicesTake the trauma into account.
Avoid triggering trauma
reactions.
Adjust
organization so that trauma survivors can access and benefit from services.
2015
Source: Harris & FallotSlide28
2015
Core Valuesof Trauma-Informed Care
Safety (physical and emotional)
Trustworthiness
Choice
Collaboration
Empowerment
Source: Fallot & Harris, 2006Slide29
A Culture Shift: Scope of Change in a Distressed System
Involves all aspects of program activities, setting, relationships, and atmosphere (more than implementing new services)Involves
all
groups: administrators, supervisors, direct service staff, support staff, and clients (more than service providers)
Involves making trauma-informed change into a new
routine
, a new way of thinking and acting (more than new information)
2015
Source: Roger Fallot, Ph.D.Slide30
Where are we going ?
Changes in Practice:Safety: How can we ensure physical and emotional safety for women throughout our system of care?
Trustworthiness
: How can we maximize trustworthiness? Make tasks clear? Maintain appropriate boundaries?
Choice:
How can we enhance women’s choice and control?
Collaboration:
How can we maximize collaboration and sharing of power with women?
Empowerment:
How can we prioritize women’s empowerment and skill-building at every opportunity?
2015Slide31
Evidence-Based
2015
Researched in
Residential treatment
Women’s prison
Drug court
Listed on NREPP Slide32
What is San Diego doing?
Gender-Response Policy & Practice Assessment Domains:EnvironmentStaffingAssessment, Classification, and Case ManagementServices & Programs
Quality Assurance and Evaluation
2015Slide33
Core Training for Facility Staff
Training will be provided for everyone working at LCDRF (GR & TI)Trauma Informed Effective Reinforcement Systems (TIER)
Developing Reentry Services
Establishing Environment & Culture
Program Development
Quality Assurance
2015Slide34
Questions ?
2015