Alessan dra Alt omare RIGHT TO VOTE 194546 PROHIBITION OF DISMISSAL DUE TO MARRIAGE 1963 ACCESS OF WOMEN TO PUBLIC PROFESSIONS 196319811999 DIVORCE LAW 1970 FAMILY LAW REFORM ID: 775530
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Slide1
Created
by Helena Voto and Alessandra Altomare
Slide2RIGHT TO
VOTE
1945-46
PROHIBITION OF DISMISSAL DUE TO
MARRIAGE
1963
ACCESS OF WOMEN TO PUBLIC
PROFESSIONS
1963-1981-1999
DIVORCE
LAW
1970
FAMILY LAW
REFORM
1975
194 LAW ON
ABORTION
1978
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE WORLD OF WORK2010
PINK QUOTAS ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 2011
LAW AGANIST VIOLENCE ON WOMEN2013
2019
Slide31945-46
RIGHT TO VOTE
A
decree
of the 1945 granted to women of age of 21 years old the active voting rights, that means to be able to vote candidates for political Elections.
A decree of 1946 gave women over the age of 25 years old the right to passive voting , that is to stand for Election and be voted.
On June 2nd 1946, women participated in the vote for the first time: it is for the institutional Referendum that asked Italian citizens to choose between the Monarchy and the Republic.
Slide4PROHIBITION OF DISMISSAL DUE TO MARRIAGE OR MATERNITY
1963
Marriage
and
maternity leave is exended to all types of female employees.
In the case of dismissal for marriage or maternity, the employee can appeal and obtain mandatory reinstatement.
Employers use an illegal resignation in blank: signed by female workers at the time of hiring and accepted in the event of marriage, maternity or other unfair cause.
Slide5ACCESS OF WOMEN TO PUBLIC PROFESSIONS
1963
1981
1999
The law of 1963 allowed women to enter Judiciary, initiating a series of other consequent reforms.
In 1981 women were admitted to the police force.
In 1999 women are admitted to the Armed Forces .
Slide6DIVORCE LAW
The
divorce
was granted and regulated by a legal process lasting five years (reduced to three years starting from 1987)
1970
However, a women cannot recognize the children she had outside the marriage, in example those she had after her divorce .
An abrogative referendum in 1974 attempted to cancel the law, but 59,3% of voters kept the law alive.
Slide71975
FAMILY LAW REFORM
Sprouses
become equal before the law.
The family is shared according to the communion of goods.
Children born out of wedlock have the same rights as «legitimate» ones.
The betrayal of the husband can be a legitimate cause of separation.
Slide81978
194 LAW ON ABORTION
The
voluntary
interruption of pregnancy is possible for personal reasons: just like of health of the women health or the case of conception as consequence of sexual violence.
It is possible to abort within the first 90 days of life of the fetus, in hospital and at State expense.
It is possible to abort within five months of the fetus’s life in the event that the pregnancy involves risks for the mother or the child.
Slide92010
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN THE WORLD OF WORK
The 2010 law
incorporated
European Community directives: companies are encouraged with tax advantages to promote flexible working hours.
The current legislation on parental leave is revised , to extend it to the maximum possible and to encourage the return to work of women.
Slide10PINK QUOTAS ON BOARDS OF DIRECTORS
2011
The
Gulf-Moscow
law of 2011
established that the Boards of Directors of listed companies are obliged to hire one fifth of women members.
The pink quota rised to one third of the total starting from 2015.
Slide11LAW AGANIST VIOLENCE ON WOMEN
2013
The 2013 law
provided
for mandatory arrest in the case of mistreatment and stalking.
The penalties are tightened in the case of violence in the presence of minors.
Resources are allocated to finance shelters for women victims of violence.
2019