For it is by grace you have been saved through faithand this is not from yourselves it is the gift of God not by works so that no one can boast For we are Gods handiwork created in Christ Jesus to do good works which God prepared in advance for us to do ID: 546881
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Slide1
Justification by Faith
For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God— not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.Slide2
Concerned with answering this vital question:
How
do we become right with God?Slide3
Early Church Fathers
Faith was considered to be the sole means of salvation (becoming right with God).
Some confusion as to what this faith meant/entailed, generally:
Faith is a true knowledge of God [Intellectual assent]
Faith is self-committal to God [Experiential commitment] Slide4
Patristic period
Pelagius (360-418)
Man has a free will to choose to do either good or evil, preaching of the gospel and example of Christ teach man the way to follow.
Result: Christianity is a new and enlarged law to follow in order to earn salvation.
Premise: No need for supernatural work of God, man is not so depraved that he cannot do good to somehow save himself. Slide5
Patristic period
Augustine (354-430)
Man is totally depraved and unable to do spiritual good by nature, need for supernatural grace to enlighten the mind and incline the will towards holiness.
Result: Faith is primarily intellectual assent to truth (enlightening of the mind) and also require sanctification (actions of the will towards holiness) for salvation.
Key development:
Need for supernatural grace from God for man to be saved.Slide6
Patristic period
Semi-
Pelagian
– Grace of God illuminates the mind and supports the will – man still has free will to choose to do good or evil. Grace of God can be ignored…Slide7
Patristic period: Decisions
Synod of Carthage (397) – Reject Pelagianism
Council of Ephesus (431) – Reject Pelagianism
Synod of Orange (529) – Reject Pelagianism and Semi-Pelagianism
Result: Augustine theology generally accepted.Slide8
Concerns with Augustine
Participation in grace of God sometimes dependent on Church and Sacraments
Regenerate can be lost again
Faith justifies by inclining the will towards doing good works by love due to regeneration
Faith understood as assent to orthodoxy
Mercy/self-discipline seen as way of making satisfaction for sin
Salvation depends on baptism as entrance into church [unbaptised infants are lost]Slide9
Scholastics
Man cannot increase in faith without the grace of God (Augustine…)
The free will of man acts, but the grace of God assists in justification (Semi-
P
elagian
…)
Justification is effected through the infusion of sanctifying grace into the soul by God (Aquinas).
NOT – imputation of Christ's righteousness to the sinner. Slide10
Scholastic 'ordo
salutis
'
Aquinas (1225-1274)
Infusion of grace
Turning of free will to God
Turning of free will against sin
Remission of guiltSlide11
Scholastic 'ordo
salutis
'
Bonaventura (1221-1274)
Turning of free will from sin
Infusion of grace
Remission of sin
Turning of free will to GodSlide12
Scholastic 'ordo
salutis
'
Scotus
(1266-1308)
Justification is the forgiveness of sin and the renovation of the soul by sanctifying grace.
Grace of God is necessary to make man acceptable to God.
Aquinas (1225-1274)
Man can from free will response to God's grace, do something that gives him merit and a claim on God.Slide13
Roman Catholic Summary
Justification
is seen as a process, beginning with baptism and continuing throughout our lives by which God acts to forgive us and then with our cooperation, change us by his Spirit to become more righteous and acceptable to himself (
Galea
,
Nothing in my hand I bring)
Justification is not only the remission of sins, but also the sanctification and renewal of the interior man.” (Council of
Trent (1545-1563AD),
Session 6, Chapter
7)Slide14
Reformation: Luther (1483-1546)
Nature
: Justification is an event not a process, whereby the righteousness of God is received by faith as a gift
Ground
: Perfection and obedience of Christ is reckoned to the sinner
Means
: Faith unites the soul to Christ so that what Christ has done belongs to me and what I have done belongs to Christ
Effect
:
Simul
iustus
et
peccator
. The sinner is as the same time righteous and justified before God, but yet still a sinner. Sinner seek to become more holy in his life.Slide15
Reformation: Calvin (1509-1564)
Nature
: Justification means to be accepted by God as completely righteous.
Ground
: Perfection and obedience of Christ is reckoned to the sinner
Means
: Faith as knowledge revealed to our minds and confirmed to our hearts by the Holy Spirit
Effect
:
New life of repentance and good works.Slide16
Post Reformation: Arminius (1560-1609)
Justification is by faith alone
Man has free will to choose to obey God or not
Faith does not appropriate the righteousness of Christ
Human act of faith is counted as righteousness, even though it is imperfect
Act of faith justifiesSlide17
Arminian 'ordo
salutis
'
Universal grace is given to all people
All sinners have in themselves the capacity to believe the gospel and obey
Call of the gospel is a moral influence on our will and understanding
Man assents to gospel and trusts God and obeys commandments
Man receives a measure of special grace
Man is justified by faith
Man perseveres until the end of his life
Man receives eternal lifeSlide18
Roman Catholic 'ordo
salutis
'
Assent to truth as taught by RC church
Insight into sinful condition
Hope in the mercy of God
Beginnings of love towards God
Abhorrence of sin
Resolution to obey God'
s commandments
Desire for Baptism
Baptism and beginning of the process of justificationSlide19
Reformed '
ordo
salutis
'
Covenant
of works -
made in the Garden of Eden between God and Adam and promised life for obedience and death for disobedience
.
Covenant of redemption -
the agreement within the Godhead that the Father would appoint his son Jesus to give up his life for mankind and that Jesus would do so.
Covenant of grace -
promised eternal blessing for belief in Christ and obedience to God's word.Slide20
Justification
Only two positions:
A) Justification as a result of a righteousness that is within us [Arminian/Catholic]
Consider relationship with God to be one of works. All other religious systems operate on this principle.
B) Justification as a result of a righteousness that is apart from us [Reformed].
Relationship with God is predicated upon grace and God's plan to glorify himself.Slide21
What is 'justification'?
Justification is a legal term, used in theology to describe our standing before God (
Sproul
)
To
be justified is to be declared righteous and acceptable by
God, to be considered perfect in God's sight.
To be justified = to be treated by God
As if I have never sinned
As if I have lived a life of perfect obedienceSlide22
HC Q/A 60: How are you righteous before God?
Only
by true faith in Jesus Christ
.
Although my conscience accuses me that I have grievously sinned against all God's commandments, have never kept any of them, and am still inclined to all evil, yet
God
, without any merit of my own,
out of mere grace, imputes to me the perfect satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ
.
He grants these to me as if I had
never had nor committed any sin
, and as if I myself had
accomplished all the obedience which Christ has rendered for me
, if only I accept this gift with a believing heart. Slide23
HC Q/A 61: Why by faith only?
Not that I am acceptable to God on account of the worthiness of my faith, for only the satisfaction, righteousness, and holiness of Christ is my righteousness before God.
I can receive this righteousness and make it my own by faith only.
[Against Arminian teaching]Slide24
HC Q/A 61: Why not by good works?
Because the righteousness which can stand before God's judgment must be absolutely perfect and in complete agreement with the law of God, whereas even our best works in this life
are all imperfect and defiled with sin.
[Against Roman Catholic teaching]Slide25
What is true faith?
Faith is a true knowledge of God [Intellectual assent]
Faith is self-committal to God [Experiential commitment]
Need for supernatural grace from God for man to be saved. [Gift of God]
Elements of A, B, C were present in theology of the Early Church Fathers and Patristic period. Succinctly formulated and joined together in the Reformation.Slide26
HC Q/A 21: What is true faith?
True faith is a sure knowledge whereby I accept as true
all that God has revealed to us in his Word.
At the same time it is a firm confidence that not only to others, but also to me, God has granted forgiveness of sins,
everlasting righteousness, and salvation, out of mere grace,
only for the sake of Christ's merits.
This faith the Holy Spirit works in my heart by the gospel.
[Intellectual, Experiential and gift from God]Slide27
Resources:
Berkhof
, L. (1969). The history of Christian doctrines. London: Banner of Truth Trust.
Galea
, R. (2007). Nothing in my hand I bring. Kingsford, Australia: Matthias Media.
McGrath, A. (1998).
Iustitia
Dei. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Sproul
, R. (2010). Justified by Faith Alone. Wheaton: Crossway Books.