Gateway to the World World View 2012 Community College Symposium UNC Chapel Hill Nov 14 2012 North Carolina Gateway to the World Presented by Raleigh Bailey PhD Director UNCG Center for New North Carolinians ID: 388280
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North CarolinaGateway to the World
World View 2012 Community College Symposium UNC Chapel Hill, Nov 14, 2012
North Carolina : Gateway to the World
Presented
by
Raleigh Bailey, Ph.D.
Director, UNCG Center for New North Carolinians
With Assistance from
Khem
Khatiwada
and
Ghaisha
Yahaya
-
Muhammed
AmeriCorps
ACCESS Members, UNCG- CNNC
And demographic data from
Dr. Rick Bunch
UNCG
Center for Geographic Information
ScienceSlide2
North Carolina’s
Immigrant History
15,000 years ago: the first Americans
1600’s: Colonial era, first Europeans and Africans
1700’s and beyond: secondary migration
World War II and beyond:
Creation of United Nations and UNHCR
Migrant Workers: Growing Latino population
1965 Immigration Reform Act
Vietnam War aftermath
Refugee Resettlement Act of 1980
Development of Ethnic Enclaves
1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
1990’s Economic Boom and Globalization
1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility ActSlide3
Why People Migrate
to the United States
Family reunifications and relatives
Employment opportunities
Refugees and
asylees
Non-immigrants: students, tourists, temporary workers…Slide4
The Refugee Process
Refugees are resettled through nationally approved resettlement agencies under contract with the U.S. Department of State and their regional affiliates.
Follow up services are provided through contracts with the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) and the State level through the Office of the State Refugee Coordinator with the NCDHHSDSS.
NC has 8 resettlement agencies with 10 offices. Activities are focused on the
Triad
,
Charlotte
, and the
Triangle
with some resettlement in Craven and Buncombe counties.Slide5
The Refugee Process
Continued
In an average year, NC resettles about 2000 refugees, concentrated in the in the Triad, Charlotte, and the Triangle
NC ranks as the 10
th
largest State in the number of refugees resettled annually. It is considered a model state in “success” of the refugees here.
Refugees may petition to become LPR’s after a year and request resettlement of family members.Slide6Slide7Slide8
NC Hispanic/Latino
Growth
800, 000 Latinos in NC
Represents 25% of NC’s growth in the last 20 years
Represents 8.4% of NC population
Latinos have grown by 111% in last ten years
Native births have now overtaken migration
NC is the 11
th
largest State in terms of Latino population
61% are from Mexico; 13% from Central America; followed by other smaller %s
Latinos are in all NC counties but the largest populations are in:
Mecklenburg: 112,000 Durham: 36,000
Wake: 88,000 Guilford: 35,000
Forsythe: 42,000 Cumberland: 30,000Slide9Slide10Slide11
Secondary Migrants
A term used to depict people, particularly immigrants moving from one part of the U.S. to another. This becomes a major part of demographics as newcomers move within the country, trying to find the best fit and supportive community.
In NC, the Hmong tribal people
from Laos came
as refugees after the Vietnam War, have picked NC as a major secondary migration site, with close to 15,000 people living in Western Piedmont, Hickory, and Morganton areas. This makes NC the 4
th
largest Hmong settlement State. Most of these Hmong moved here from other States.
Another example is Russian and Ukrainian populations in the Asheville area, most of them coming as secondary migrants. Other cities have small clusters building on the “Ethnic enclave” process.Slide12
Newcomer Immigration
Status
Newcomers, non U.S. citizens, may have various types of status when they come to the U.S.
The system is complex, confusing, and broken. However, below are some of the common categories.
International visitor-temporary visa (not classified as immigrant)
International student
Out of status, undocumented, “illegal”.
Temporary work visa
Employment visa: might eventually lead to LPR Status
Refugee or
asylee
(someone who meets UNHCR and DOS definitions of fleeing war or oppression and accepted to U.S.) After a year, this can transition to LPR.Slide13
Legal Permanent
Resident (LPR)
Also known as “Green Card” holder even though the card is not green: goal for newcomers who want to eventually transition to becoming a U.S. citizen.
After 5 years as an LPR, with good moral character, meeting physical presence and residency requirements, a person may initiate the citizenship application. S/he must be at least 18 years of age and successfully pass the U.S. citizenship test.
An estimated 70,000 to 80,000 NC LPR’s are eligible for citizenship and the number is expected to continue to increase dramatically.
THE GOAL: Naturalized U.S. CitizenSlide14
Questions or Comments
?
This presentation is available at http://cnnc.uncg.edu