Chapter 3 Producing Data 2017 WH Freeman and Company 311 A person you know gets food poisoning at a local restaurant and tells lots of people This is an example of available data sample data ID: 771075
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Chapter 3: Producing Data" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Chapter 3:Producing Data © 2017 W.H. Freeman and Company
3.1-1 A person you know gets food poisoning at a local restaurant and tells lots of people. This is an example of available data.sample data. anecdotal data. 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-1 answer A person you know gets food poisoning at a local restaurant and tells lots of people. This is an example of available data.sample data. anecdotal data. (correct) 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-2 A statistics instructor wants to know which route will get her to school the fastest. Each day from October 2 to November 15, when she gets to the turn point, she checks the odometer on her car. If it shows an even number, she takes the freeway; if it shows an odd number, she takes the in-town route. She records the total time each day. What is the explanatory variable in this study? the route the odometer reading the time to school 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-2 answer A statistics instructor wants to know which route will get her to school the fastest. Each day from October 2 to November 15, when she gets to the turn point, she checks the odometer on her car. If it shows an even number, she takes the freeway; if it shows an odd number, she takes the in-town route. She records the total time each day. What is the explanatory variable in this study? the route (correct) the odometer reading the time to school 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-3 A stock analyst selects a stock from a group of 20 for investment by choosing the stock with the greatest earnings per share reported for the last quarter.Identify the study as observational or experimental. observational experimental 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-3 answer A stock analyst selects a stock from a group of 20 for investment by choosing the stock with the greatest earnings per share reported for the last quarter.Identify the study as observational or experimental. observational (correct) experimental 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-4 A study was conducted at Seattle Grace Hospital comparing the death rates of two new surgical residents. Dr. A had approximately 7% of his patients die, while Dr. B had only 5% die. Is it safe for the chief of surgery to assume that Dr. B is a better surgeon?Yes, because he has lost fewer patients than Dr. A. Little if anything can be concluded because not all doctors were sampled. This is an observational study, so nothing can really be concluded. 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-4 answer A study was conducted at Seattle Grace Hospital comparing the death rates of two new surgical residents. Dr. A had approximately 7% of his patients die, while Dr. B had only 5% die. Is it safe for the chief of surgery to assume that Dr. B is a better surgeon?Yes, because he has lost fewer patients than Dr. A. Little if anything can be concluded because not all doctors were sampled. (correct) This is an observational study, so nothing can really be concluded. 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-5 In an _____________ we deliberately impose a treatment on subjects and observe their responses.observational study experiment anecdotal data 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-5 answer In an _____________ we deliberately impose a treatment on subjects and observe their responses.observational study experiment (correct) anecdotal data 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-6 A survey of college students asks about eating habits and grade point average. This would be an example of anexperiment. available data. observational study. 3.1 Sources of Data
3.1-6 answer A survey of college students asks about eating habits and grade point average. This would be an example of anexperiment. available data. observational study. (correct) 3.1 Sources of Data
3.2-1 A drug manufacturer is studying how a new drug behaves in patients. Investigators compare two doses: 5 milligrams (mg) and 10 mg. The drug can be administered by injection, skin patch, or intravenous drip. Concentration in the blood is then measured after 30 min. The factor(s) in this study aredrug dose. drug dose and how it is administered. 5 mg by injection, patch, or drip and 10 mg by injection, patch, or drip. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-1 answer A drug manufacturer is studying how a new drug behaves in patients. Investigators compare two doses: 5 milligrams (mg) and 10 mg. The drug can be administered by injection, skin patch, or intravenous drip. Concentration in the blood is then measured after 30 min. The factor(s) in this study aredrug dose. drug dose and how it is administered. (correct) 5 mg by injection, patch, or drip and 10 mg by injection, patch, or drip. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-2 A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles are set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined. The factor(s) in this study are location of shelf and wrapping. eight equal-sized stores. candy sales. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-2 answer A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles are set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined. The factor(s) in this study are location of shelf and wrapping. (correct) eight equal-sized stores. candy sales. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-3 A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles are set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined. How many factors are used in this experiment? 8 6 2 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-3 answer A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles are set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined. How many factors are used in this experiment? 8 6 2 (correct) 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-4 A market research company wishes to find out whether the population of students at a university prefers brand A or brand B of instant coffee. A random sample of students is selected, and each one is asked to try brand A first and then brand B, or vice versa (with the order determined at random). The students then indicate which brand they prefer. The response variable iswhether brand A or B is tried first.which brand they prefer. the two brands of coffee. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-4 answer A market research company wishes to find out whether the population of students at a university prefers brand A or brand B of instant coffee. A random sample of students is selected, and each one is asked to try brand A first and then brand B, or vice versa (with the order determined at random). The students then indicate which brand they prefer. The response variable iswhether brand A or B is tried first.which brand they prefer. (correct) the two brands of coffee. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-5 A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles were set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined.How many levels are there of the shelving factor? 1 8 3 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-5 answer A supermarket chain is interested in improving the sales of candy. The chain tested eight stores of equal size, in which the candy aisles were set up identically. Each aisle has three shelf locations (top, middle, and bottom). The candy is packaged in either a cellophane wrap (see-through) or box (cardboard).The total sales of candy are to be determined.How many levels are there of the shelving factor? 1 8 3 (correct) 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-6 A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on reducing high blood pressure. He recruits 250 men to test either the new active drug or a current standard. At the end of six weeks, the decrease in systolic blood pressure will be evaluated. He believes the drug will be more effective for black men than for white men. To properly test his belief, the experiment should becompletely randomized. double-blind. blocked. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-6 answer A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on reducing high blood pressure. He recruits 250 men to test either the new active drug or a current standard. At the end of six weeks, the decrease in systolic blood pressure will be evaluated. He believes the drug will be more effective for black men than for white men. To properly test his belief, the experiment should becompletely randomized. double-blind. blocked. (correct) 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-7 The potential for lurking variables to affect the results is less in an experimental study than in an observational study. maximized in an experimental study. the same in both an experimental study and an observational study. minimized in an observational study. more in an experimental study than in an observational study. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-7 answer The potential for lurking variables to affect the results is less in an experimental study than in an observational study. (correct)maximized in an experimental study. the same in both an experimental study and an observational study. minimized in an observational study. more in an experimental study than in an observational study. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-8 A psychiatrist locates a group of volunteers suffering from anxiety disorder who are willing to participate in an experiment. The psychiatrist would like to compare the effectiveness and side effects of different medications given in different doses. Each subject will receive either Drug A or Drug B once a day, in a dosage of either 10, 15, or 20 mg. Each combination of factor levels is assigned to five subjects. At the end of six months, the psychiatrist compares the improvement of the subjects’ conditions as well as their reported side effects. What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment? Drug A, Drug B, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg medication and dosage severity of subject ’ s anxiety 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-8 answer A psychiatrist locates a group of volunteers suffering from anxiety disorder who are willing to participate in an experiment. The psychiatrist would like to compare the effectiveness and side effects of different medications given in different doses. Each subject will receive either Drug A or Drug B once a day, in a dosage of either 10, 15, or 20 mg. Each combination of factor levels is assigned to five subjects. At the end of six months, the psychiatrist compares the improvement of the subjects’ conditions as well as their reported side effects. What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment? Drug A, Drug B, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg (correct) medication and dosage severity of subject ’ s anxiety 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-9 Pepsi is conducting a taste test to see whether or not consumers enjoy its product more than Coke. The best type of experiment used for this study is amatched pairs experiment.double-blind experiment.randomized block designed experiment. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-9 answer Pepsi is conducting a taste test to see whether or not consumers enjoy its product more than Coke. The best type of experiment used for this study is amatched pairs experiment. (correct)double-blind experiment.randomized block designed experiment. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-10 Which of the following is NOT a principle of experimental design?compare two or more treatmentsplacebo effectrepeating the experiment as much as possible randomization 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-10 answer Which of the following is NOT a principle of experimental design?compare two or more treatmentsplacebo effect (correct)repeating the experiment as much as possible randomization 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-11 A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment?time and temperature 4 min, 5 min, low, high 4 min/low, 4 min/high, 5 min/low, 5 min/high 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-11 answer A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment?time and temperature (correct) 4 min, 5 min, low, high 4 min/low, 4 min/high, 5 min/low, 5 min/high 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-12 A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. How many factor levels are used in this experiment? 4 5 6 7 8 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-12 answer A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. How many factor levels are used in this experiment? 4 (correct) 5 6 7 8 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-13 Which of the following is a reason to use randomization?to balance the groups on variables that you know affect the responseto eliminate bias that may result if you assign the subjectsto balance the groups on lurking variables that may be unknown to you all of the above none of the above 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-13 answer Which of the following is a reason to use randomization?to balance the groups on variables that you know affect the responseto eliminate bias that may result if you assign the subjects to balance the groups on lurking variables that may be unknown to you all of the above (correct) none of the above 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-14 A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. How many responses will we have?6 12 18 24 30 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-14 answer A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for popping a bag of its popcorn. It will test two different cooking times (4 and 5 min) and two different temperature settings (low and high). Three bags of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave, with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then be compared for each treatment. How many responses will we have?6 12 (correct) 18 24 30 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-15 Randomization in a matched pairs experiment is used toselect the individuals to participate in the study.select which treatments will be compared.place the individuals in pairs. assign the treatments to the individuals within each pair. All of the above. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.2-15 answer Randomization in a matched pairs experiment is used toselect the individuals to participate in the study.select which treatments will be compared.place the individuals in pairs. assign the treatments to the individuals within each pair. (correct) All of the above. 3.2 Design of Experiments
3.3-1 The administration at a large state university is interested in getting the opinions of students on a proposed instructional fee for use of computer labs on campus. The administration selected a simple random sample of 50 freshman, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors. This is an example of asystematic sample.stratified random sample. simple random sample. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-1 answer The administration at a large state university is interested in getting the opinions of students on a proposed instructional fee for use of computer labs on campus. The administration selected a simple random sample of 50 freshman, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors. This is an example of asystematic sample.stratified random sample. (correct) simple random sample. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-2 Ann Landers once asked her female readers whether they would be content with affectionate treatment from men, with no sex ever. Over 90,000 women wrote in, with 72% answering “Yes.” Why shouldn’t we believe the results of this “poll”?It was a voluntary response. It was not stratified. The question was unclear. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-2 answer Ann Landers once asked her female readers whether they would be content with affectionate treatment from men, with no sex ever. Over 90,000 women wrote in, with 72% answering “Yes.” Why shouldn’t we believe the results of this “poll”?It was a voluntary response. (correct) It was not stratified. The question was unclear. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-3 There are 5000 homes in a certain suburb. The city sent out a mailer to 2312 randomly selected homes asking if another school should be built in the area. Only 412 homes responded. What is the nonresponse rate? 0.1780.822 0.0824 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-3 answer There are 5000 homes in a certain suburb. The city sent out a mailer to 2312 randomly selected homes asking if another school should be built in the area. Only 412 homes responded. What is the nonresponse rate? 0.1780.822 (correct) 0.0824 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-4 A survey interviews 1000 Americans by telephone and asks “What do you think is the biggest problem facing education today?” Thepopulation of interest for this poll is most likelyAmerican students.American adults. American teachers. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-4 answer A survey interviews 1000 Americans by telephone and asks “What do you think is the biggest problem facing education today?” Thepopulation of interest for this poll is most likelyAmerican students.American adults. (correct) American teachers. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-5 A pollster uses a computer to generate 500 random numbers and then interviews the voters corresponding to those numbers. Which type of sampling is being used?stratifiedclustermatched pair simple random 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-5 answer A pollster uses a computer to generate 500 random numbers and then interviews the voters corresponding to those numbers. Which type of sampling is being used?stratifiedclustermatched pair simple random (correct) 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-6 A market researcher selects 500 people from each of 10 cities. Identify which type of sampling is used.stratifiedclustermatched pair simple random 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-6 answer A market researcher selects 500 people from each of 10 cities. Identify which type of sampling is used.stratifiedcluster (correct)matched pair simple random 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-7 A survey is conducted of students at a school. On this particular day, the freshmen are away on a field trip. A potential problem is nonresponse.clustering.undercoverage . 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-7 answer A survey is conducted of students at a school. On this particular day, the freshmen are away on a field trip. A potential problem is nonresponse.clustering.undercoverage . (correct) 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-8 If a respondent lies or perhaps has a faulty memory of occurrences important to the survey, this can lead to undercoverage.confounding bias. response bias. 3.3 Sampling Design
3.3-8 answer If a respondent lies or perhaps has a faulty memory of occurrences important to the survey, this can lead to undercoverage.confounding bias. response bias. (correct) 3.3 Sampling Design
3.4-1 Approval of an institutional review board (IRB) is required for studies that involve humans or animals as subjects.truefalse3.4 Ethics
3.4-1 answer Approval of an institutional review board (IRB) is required for studies that involve humans or animals as subjects.true (correct)false3.4 Ethics
3.4-2 A treatment that has no risk of physical harm to subjects is always ethical.truefalse3.4 Ethics
3.4-2 answers A treatment that has no risk of physical harm to subjects is always ethical.truefalse (correct)3.4 Ethics
3.4-3 A survey is given to you, and there is an indication that all data about individuals will be kept confidential. This means, among other things, that subjects are anonymous.truefalse3.4 Ethics
3.4-3 answer A survey is given to you, and there is an indication that all data about individuals will be kept confidential. This means, among other things, that subjects are anonymous.truefalse (correct)3.4 Ethics
3.4-4 A new teaching strategy has been shown to be effective in improving the reading level of low-ability students. Your school district adopts the program. To verify to the community that the decision to adopt was a wise one, officials decide not to use the program on one group of students and compare their reading levels with the other groups at the end of one year.Is this study ethical?yes no In this scenario, one should not deprive a group of an effective treatment . 3.4 Ethics
3.4-4 answer A new teaching strategy has been shown to be effective in improving the reading level of low-ability students. Your school district adopts the program. To verify to the community that the decision to adopt was a wise one, officials decide not to use the program on one group of students and compare their reading levels with the other groups at the end of one year.Is this study ethical?yes no (correct) In this scenario, one should not deprive a group of an effective treatment . 3.4 Ethics
3.4-5 Management wants to conduct a survey of employees and has them put their names on paper. This violates informed consent.randomization.confidentiality. 3.4 Ethics
3.4-5 answer Management wants to conduct a survey of employees and has them put their names on paper. This violates informed consent.randomization.confidentiality. (correct) 3.4 Ethics