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Congenital Heart Disease & Congenital Heart Disease &

Congenital Heart Disease & - PowerPoint Presentation

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Congenital Heart Disease & - PPT Presentation

Hemiparesis Congenital Heart Disease Congenital heart disease CHD is the most common type of birth defect CHD refers to a problem with the hearts structure that occurred because of abnormal development in the heart before birth CHD consists of 2 categories Cyanotic CHD and ID: 503623

heart chd congenital disease chd heart disease congenital defects pulmonary risk syndrome left cerebral emboli factor acyanotic stroke children

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Slide1

Congenital Heart Disease &

Hemiparesis

Slide2

Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. CHD refers to a problem with the heart’s structure that occurred because of abnormal development in the heart before birth. CHD consists of 2 categories: Cyanotic CHD and

Acyanotic

CHD. CHD is a risk factor for emboli development which can contribute to

cerebrovascular

accidents. Slide3

Occurrence & Risk Factors

Most cases of CHD occur in isolation

CHD can be associated with various genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome,

Marfan

Syndrome, Turner Syndrome and

Trisomy

13

Risk factors:

Associated with maternal intake of

retonic

acid (for acne), alcohol, chemical exposure

and rubellaSlide4

Acyanotic

CHD

Presentation

Pink in coloring

Normal oxygenation saturation

Involves left-to-right shunting so that oxygen rich blood is shunted to the lungs unnecessarily

Defects associated with

acyanotic

CHD

Atrial

septal

defect

Ventricular

septal

defect

Patent

ductus

arteriosus

Aortic

coarctation

Pulmonary

stenosis

Aortic

stenosis

Slide5

Cyanotic CHD

Presentation

Cyanosis (blue) in coloring

Oxygen saturation is 15 to 30% below normal

Involves right-to-left shunting so that

unoxygenated

blood is shunted to the body

Defects associated with CCHD

Tetralogy

of

Fallot

(TOF)

Transposition of the Great Artery

Tricuspid

Atresia

Pulmonary

atresia

Truncus

Arteriosus

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Hypoplastic

Left-Sided Heart SyndromeSlide6

Hemiparesis

and CHD

In study of children with brain abscesses, one pre-disposing factor was

unoperated

CCHD. This group of children with CCHD tended to have more significant cerebral complications (mid-line shift and cerebral edema) following drainage of the abscess. Other complications included

hemiparesis

and seizures for this group. Slide7

Cerebrovascular

Accidents and CHD

1/5 to 1/3 of ischemic childhood strokes can be attributed to underlying congenital heart defects

Due to paradoxical cerebral

emoblism

: emboli from the systemic venous circulation passes to arterial circulation from large

septal

defects, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous return,

truncus

arteriosus

Single ventricle physiology with right-to-left shunting is especially vulnerable to systemic emboliSlide8

References

Kirton

A,

DeVeber

G. Ischemic stroke complicating pediatric cardiovascular

disease. Nat

Clin

Pract

Cardiovasc

Med. 2007 Mar;4(3):163-6

.

Mehnaz

A,

Syed

AU,

Saleem

AS, Khalid CN. Clinical features and outcome

ofcerebral

abscess in congenital heart disease. J

Ayub

Med

Coll

Abbottabad

.

2006 Apr-Jun;18(2

):21-4.

Salih

MA, Al-

Jarallah

AS, Abdel-

Gader

AG, Al-

Jarallah

AA, Al-

Saadi

MM,

Kentab

AY

,

Alorainy

IA, Hassan HH. Cardiac diseases as a risk factor for stroke in

Saudi children

. Saudi Med J. 2006 Mar;27

Suppl

1:S61-8.

Wu YW, Lynch JK, Nelson KB.

Perinatal

arterial stroke:

understanding mechanisms

and outcomes.

Semin

Neurol. 2005 Dec;25(4):424-34. Review

.