ENGLISH HISTORY - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

ENGLISH HISTORYTHE STUARTS

Gioia

Girardi

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l. 4^ALS

School

year

2013-2014Slide2

WHO ARE “THE STUARTS”?

The Stuarts



first kings of the United Kingdom from 1603 to 1714The Stuarts’s dinasty :James I (1603-1625)Charles I (1625-1649)Interregnum (1649-1660)Charles II (1660-1685)James II (1685-1688)Mary II and William III (1688-1702)Anne (1702-1714)

flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instabilitySlide3

JAMES I (1603-1625)son of

Mary Queen

of

ScotsJames I of England and James VI of Scotland:united the countries under one monarch for the first timenew translation of the Bible  Authorised King James's Version of the BibleJames believed in the Divine Right of Kings but his actions were subject to the lawJames was often in dispute with his Parliaments: not able to solve financial and political

problemsSlide4

CHARLES I (1625-1649)son of

James I and Anne

of

DenmarkCharles I  second Stuart King of Englandembarked on war with Spain and then with France led by Buckinghamneed for money was now so urgent: he accepted the Petition of Rightto rule without a Parliament and did so for 11 years  raised money by using questionable meanshe had no choice but to recall a Parliament whose would lead the country to

Civil War and Charles I to his execution.Slide5

PETITION OF RIGHTS (1628)

A major

English constitutional

document:declares that Englishmen have various "rights and liberties" contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of martial lawnew stage in the constitutional crisis that would lead to the English Civil WarSlide6

INTRREGNUM (1649-1660)

Interregnum



the country's rulers tried to redefine and establish a workable constitution without a monarchyOliver Cromwell took the title Lord Protector and formed republic, aka Commonwealth Parliament  supporters not popularopposition from those who supported Charles IICromwell's opponents were easily able to overthrow him  anarchy monarchy was restored with the accession of Charles IISlide7

CHARLES II (1660-1685)son of

Charles I

Charles II of England

recognised as King of Scotland and Ireland: 1651 he led an invasion into England from Scotland to defeat Cromwell restore the monarchy1660 he was invited to return to England as King Charles II. RestorationHe continued to have money problemsSlide8

JAMES II (1685-1688)grandson

of

James I

James II succeeded his brother CharlesLord High Admiral until he announced his conversion to Roman CatholicismHe succeeded despite the passing of the Test Acts in 1673  barred all Roman Catholics from holding official positionsreplaced by his son-in-law William of Orange 

accession to the throne is known as The Glorious RevolutionSlide9

WILLIAM III AND MARY II (1688-1702)Sovereigns

of England in 1688 following the Glorious

Revolution:

accepted by Scotland the following year, but Ireland (Catholic) remained loyal to James IIThe Act of Settlement of 1701 was designed to secure the Protestant succession to the throne, and to strengthen the guarantees for ensuring parliamentary system of governmentnot only addressed the dynastic and religious aspects of succession, it also restricted the powers and prerogatives of the CrownSlide10

ANNE (1702-1714)sister-in-law

of

William

Queen Anne was the sister of Mary II and was married to Prince George of DenmarkShe was a committed Protestant and supported the Glorious RevolutionIn 1707 the Act of Union formally united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland the last Stuart monarch as none of her eighteen children survived beyond infancy