Dr S K Sethi City LSCB June 2015 Why us Why now What is FGM All procedures which involve the partial or total removal of the external genitalia or injury to the female genital organs whether for ID: 565319
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FGM ReportDr S K SethiCity LSCB -June 2015
Why us? Why now?Slide2
What is FGM?All procedures which involve the partial or total removal of the external genitalia or injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasonsThe World Health Organisation
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typesI – circumcision – removal of clitorisII – Excision – I + removal of MinoraIII – Infibulation – I + II + MajoraIV – Piercing, chemicals, burns – everything elseSlide6
Identification and Intervention
There are 3 circumstances
Child at risk
C
hild
has been abused through FGM
Mother has undergone FGMSlide7
Why is FGM carried out?Religion is NOT a basis for FGMCultural identity – A tribal initiation into adulthoodGender Identity – Moving from girl to woman – enhancing femininitySexual control – believed to reduce the woman’s desire for sex and therefore the possibility of sex outside marriageHygiene/cleanliness – unmutilated women are regarded as unclean and not allowed to handle food or waterSlide8
How is FGM carried out?Varies from community to community generally by an elder woman in the community using non-sterile, blunt instruments without anaestheticUK girls are taken on “holiday” to become a womanCommunities are believed to have their own practitioners hereSome doctors will do this under anaesthetic Slide9
Indications that FGM may be about to take place…..The family come from a community that is known to practise FGMParents state they will take the child out of the country for a prolonged periodA child may talk about a long holiday to a country where the practice is prevalent A child may confide that she is to have a “special procedure” or celebration Slide10
Indications that FGM may have already taken place…..A child may spend long periods of time away from the classroom during the day with bladder or menstrual problemsProlonged absences from School plus a noticeable behaviour changeThe child requiring to be excused from physical exercise
without the support of their GPSlide11
Communities at Risk29 practising countries in particularSomalia – 98%Sierra Leone – 90%Ethiopia - 90%Sudan – 91%In Middle East – Egypt – 97% Slide12
Health Consequences Short termHaemorrhageSevere pain & shockUrine retentionInfection including tetanus & HIVInjury to adjacent tissueFracture or dislocation to limbs as a result of restraintSlide13
Health ConsequencesLong-TermDifficulty with passing urine & chronic urinary tract infections which can lead to renal problems or renal failureDifficulties with menstruationAcute & chronic pelvic infections which can lead to infertilitySexual dysfunction/Psychological/FlashbacksComplications during pregnancyChronic scar formationsSlide14
What do I do?You must inform your designated child protection AdvisorThey must make a referral to the Local Authority Children’s Social CareHolistic – child and Think FamilyLegal parameters – March 2004.Slide15
Why do we need to Safeguard Girls and Women from FGM ?FGM is recognised internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.FGM constitutes child abuse and causes physical, psychological and sexual harm which is life long.
FGM is performed on a child who is
unable
to resist or give informed consent
FGM is
illegal i
n the UK.