Genitive and Dative Nouns - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Genitive and Dative Nouns

Introduction to Greek

By Stephen CurtoFor Intro to GreekSept 18, 2016Slide2

Outline

ReviewVocabularyGenitive Case

Dative CaseThe Five CasesThe Full ParadigmNoun Translation HintsSlide3

Review

Stem: usually the first few letters of the lexical form.E.g. γραφή γραφ

-Case ending: The part the changes to tell you case and number. E.g. γραφή -ή

Nominative (The Subject Case)

Accusative (the Object Case)Slide4

Review

In English, cases are largely based on word order. “

Jesus hit the man.” ≠ “The man hit

Jesus

.”

subj

obj subj objBecause of inflection, word order doesn’t matter in Greek. The subject stays the subject wherever it is in the sentence. ^Both sentences mean “Jesus hit the man.”^

Ἰ

ησους

(hit

)

τον

ἀνθρωπον

.

=

τον

ἀνθρωπον

(hit)

Ἰησους

.

subj

(nom)

obj

(

acc

)

obj

(

acc

)

subj

(nom)Slide5

Review

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

λόγος

γραφή

ἔργον

Gen Sing

-

-

-

Dat Sing

-

-

-

Acc

Sing

λόγον

γραφήν

ἔργον

Declension

2

1

2

Nom Plur

λόγοι

γραφαί

ἔργα

Gen Plur

-

-

-

Dat Plur

-

-

-

Acc

Plur

λόγους

γραφάς

ἔργαSlide6

Review

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

ὁ

ἡ

τό

Gen Sing

τοῦ

τῆς

τοῦ

Dat Sing

τῷ

τῇ

τῷ

Acc

Sing

τόν

τήν

τό

Declension

2

1

2

Nom

Plur

οἱ

αἱ

τά

Gen

Plur

τῶν

τῶν

τῶν

Dat

Plur

τοῖς

ταῖς

τοῖς

Acc

Plur

τούς

τάς

τάSlide7

Review

Homework Exercise 6Slide8

Vocabulary

Parsing: Telling about the word in question (Case, Number, Gender, English translation, Lexical form)e.g. γραφαί

- Nominative, Plural, Feminine meaning they write from γραφήSlide9

Genitive Case

Case indicating “of-ness” or “from-ness”Case indicating possessionUsual translations: “of _____” or “_____’s”

e.g. James son of Zebedee. Ἰάκοβος τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου.lit. Eng. James of Zebedee. e.g. Matt 1Slide10

Genitive Case

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

ος

η

ον

Gen Sing

ου

ης

ου

Dat

Sing

-

-

-

Acc

Sing

ον

ην

ον

Declension

2

1

2

Nom Plur

οι

αι

α

Gen Plur

ων

ων

ων

Dat Plur

-

-

-

Acc

Plur

ους

ας

αSlide11

Genitive Case

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

λόγος

γραφή

ἔργον

Gen Sing

λόγου

γραφής

ἔργου

Dat Sing

-

-

-

Acc

Sing

λόγον

γραφήν

ἔργον

Declension

2

1

2

Nom Plur

λόγοι

γραφαί

ἔργα

Gen Plur

λόγων

γραφῶν

ἔργων

Dat Plur

-

-

-

Acc

Plur

λόγους

γραφάς

ἔργαSlide12

Dative Case

The case of “to-ness” “with-ness” or “in-ness”The case of Indirect object.***Microscope***

Accusative = Direct ObjectDative = Indirect Objecte.g. Jesus gave him

living water

.

e.g. Jesus gave

him

to the

living water

. Slide13

Dative Case

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

ος

η

ον

Gen Sing

ου

ης

ου

Dat

Sing

ῳ

ῃ

ῳ

Acc

Sing

ον

ην

ον

Declension

2

1

2

Nom Plur

οι

αι

α

Gen Plur

ων

ων

ων

Dat Plur

οις

αις

οις

Acc

Plur

ους

ας

αSlide14

Dative Case

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

λόγος

γραφή

ἔργον

Gen Sing

λόγου

γραφής

ἔργου

Dat Sing

λόγῳ

γραφῇ

ἔργῳ

Acc

Sing

λόγον

γραφήν

ἔργον

Declension

2

1

2

Nom Plur

λόγοι

γραφαί

ἔργα

Gen Plur

λόγων

γραφῶν

ἔργων

Dat Plur

λόγοις

γραφαῖς

ἔργοις

Acc

Plur

λόγους

γραφάς

ἔργαSlide15

The 5 Noun Cases

Nominative (Subject)Genitive (Of-ness/From-ness)Dative (To-ness/With-ness)

Accusative (Object)Vocative (Direct Address)Slide16

The 5 Noun Cases

Nominative (Subject)Genitive (Of-ness/From-ness)Dative (To-ness/With-ness)

Accusative (Object)Vocative (Direct Address)Slide17

The 5 Noun Cases

Total Case uses in the NT:Nominative:

…...24,618Genitive:…........19,633Dative:…...........12,173Accusative:…....23,105

Vocative:

….............

317

*Daniel Wallace,

Greek Grammar: Beyond the Basics,

pg 35. Slide18

The Full Paradigm

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

Nom Sing

λόγος

γραφή

ὥρα

ἔργον

Gen Sing

λόγου

γραφής

ὥρας

ἔργου

Dat Sing

λόγῳ

γραφῇ

ὥρᾳ

ἔργῳ

Acc

Sing

λόγον

γραφήν

ὥραν

ἔργον

Declension

2

1

1

2

Nom

Plur

λόγοι

γραφαί

ἔργα

Gen Plur

λόγων

γραφῶν

ἔργων

Dat Plur

λόγοις

γραφαῖς

ἔργοις

Acc

Plur

λόγους

γραφάς

ἔργαSlide19

Noun Translation Hints

Look for the nominative.

When you see a new sentence, look for the nominative noun. That’s your subject. Look for the article. the article is your cheat-code to parsing nouns. If you know the article, you know the case, and number, and usually the gender. Look for iota subscripts.usually an iota subscript is a clue that a dative is present. In the singular dative the iota always subscripts if possible. Slide20

Noun Translation Hints

Watch out for the alternate 1

st declension pattern. some words in the first declension follow an α pattern in the singular instead of an η pattern. Always look just past the nouns you see, to see if a genitive is modifying it.

Genitives usually follow the word they modify. e.g.

ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ...

break up the sentence into manageable chunks.

if manageable for you is one word at a time, then go one word at a time. Your manageable will grow, but always try to push yourself to bigger chunks. Slide21

Homework/Adjustments to Syllabus

Exercise 7 in workbook (everything)Full paradigm noun endings (should be easy if you know the definite article)Vocab on pages 39, 50-51.