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History & Overview of Suspensions History & Overview of Suspensions

History & Overview of Suspensions - PowerPoint Presentation

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History & Overview of Suspensions - PPT Presentation

Dr Rosemarie Allen Institute for Racial Equity amp Excellence Excluding a child from the learning process for 1 or more days In school student is excluded from the classroom Out of School student is excluded from being on the school ID: 539571

suspended children suspension preschool children suspended preschool suspension school amp expelled programs suspensions times american early expulsion rate 2011

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Slide1

History & Overview of Suspensions

Dr. Rosemarie Allen

Institute for Racial Equity & ExcellenceSlide2

Excluding a child from the learning process for 1 or more days:

In school: student is excluded from the classroom

Out of School: student is excluded from being on the school

premises

Student is sent home early

Student is not a “good fit” and asked to leave the school/program

What is a suspension?Slide3

Suspension:

a

“disciplinary action that is administered as a consequence of a student’s inappropriate behavior, requires that a student absent him/herself from the classroom or from the school for a specified period of time

(Morrison and Skiba,

2001, p. 174). Slide4

Children’s Defense Fund

First suspension Study 1975Slide5

Nearly 1 million children were suspended in the 1972-1973 school

year.

Suspension rates for all students have doubled since the 1970s.

In 1973, the national suspension rate was 3.7. In 2010 the suspension rate was 7.4 percent

(Losen & Gillespie, 2012). Slide6

Studies spanning 40 years show that

African American children are up to four times more likely to be suspended than White

students

(Bradshaw et al., 2010; Children’s Defense Fund, 1975; Milner, 2013; Skiba et al., 2011). Slide7

T

here

has been extensive research

suspensions and other disciplinary

practices however; most studies focus on children in kindergarten through 12

th grades. Few studies have examined disciplinary practices for children younger than 5 years of age in early childhood programs. Slide8

The

Civil

Rights Data Collection

(2014) included

preschool

data FOR THE 1ST time. It included the number of preschool children who: : had at least one out-of-school suspension, had more than one suspension,was expelled, and received corporal punishment. Slide9

The Data Showed:

5,000

preschoolers were suspended at least

once and nearly

2,500 were suspended a second time.

African American were 18 percent of the preschool population, but comprised 48% of suspensionsBoys were 79% of the preschool population but 82% of all suspensions.Children with disabilities were also disproportionately suspended(United States Department of Education, 2014). Slide10

The New OCR (2016)

Patterns

of racial and gender

disproportionality

Boys represent 54% of the preschool population but 78% of those suspended.African American preschoolers are 3.6 times more likely to be suspended than their White peers.  Slide11

African American girls are

20%

of preschool female population but 54% of girls suspended from preschoolSlide12

Children with disabilities are not disproportionately suspended from preschool BUT are disproportionately suspended

from

K-12Slide13

English Language Learners are not disproportionately suspended from preschool.Slide14

A survey conducted in Illinois reported that more than 40 percent of the State’s childcare programs had suspended infants and toddlers. Racial

and gender demographics

were not included in this study

(Cutler & Gilkerson, 2002). Slide15

In North Dakota, 20% of

ECE programs

expelled

children.

Of those expelled, 53% were infants and toddlers and 31% were preschool children.

(North Dakota State Data Center, 2008). Slide16

In 2005, a Yale University study discovered the expulsion rates of

preschoolers, in public school programs

were three times the rate of children expelled from kindergarten through twelfth grades

combined (Gilliam, 2005) Slide17

A Colorado discipline study conducted in 2006, found that 10 children per 1,000 were expelled from early childhood programs

.

(Hoover, Kubicek, Rosenburg & Zundel, 2012). Slide18

A 2009 survey of Boulder County, Colorado early care and education providers showed children of color comprised the largest group of expelled children, at 13 per 1,000

(Greenberg & Ash, 2011). Slide19

The New Hampshire Child Care Expulsion Survey conducted in 2011 revealed 10 children per 115 were expelled, but did not include racial demographics

(Kalinowski & Kalinowski, 2011). Slide20

In Michigan, the expulsion rate for preschoolers was 27 per 1000 students,

That

was 34 times the state’s kindergarten through 12

th

grade rate.

(Martin, Bosk & Bailey, n.d.). Slide21

The United States Departments of Education and Health and Human Services (2015) recently released a joint statement on preschool suspensions and expulsions that recommends:

raise awareness about the negative impacts of suspension and expulsion, including the disproportionate number of children of color that are subjected to such exclusionary practices,

(b) states develop policies that prevent exclusion as a disciplinary measure and to administer more appropriate policies that are without bias and discrimination and

(c) use evidence-based approaches such as PBIS and Pyramid Model to prevent suspensions and expulsions in early childhood programs. Slide22

In

2014,

Chicago Public Schools

established

a “no suspension” policy for children in preschool through second grade, in its revised Student Code of Conduct. Slide23

In

Connecticut the

Governor signed Public

Act 2015

-96 prohibiting most out-of-school suspensions and expulsions of young children in pre- K through second grade.Slide24

New York City prohibited

the expulsion or suspension of children enrolled in four-year old Pre-K for All and

Early Learn

NYC programs, as well as the children age 0-3 served through

EarlyLearn

NYC.Slide25

“No Suspension” Policies:

Washington State

Minneapolis

CaliforniaSlide26

The negative outcomes for students that have been suspended and expelled

include:

disengagement

from the educational system,

antisocial

behaviors and, risk for entering the juvenile justice system (Arcia, 2006). Children who are suspended from school are 10 times more likely to enter the juvenile justice system (American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force, 2008; Gordon, Della, Piana, & Keleher, 2000). Slide27

What can we do in Colorado to address this issue?