SPECTROSCOPY Uses visible wavelength split into colors Doppler shift Wavelengths change when object is moving Red Blue Shift RECEDING moving away objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH red shift ID: 681324
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Slide1
How do we study the Universe?Slide2
SPECTROSCOPY
Uses visible wavelength split into colorsSlide3
Doppler shift
Wavelengths change when object is movingSlide4
Red/
Blue
Shift
RECEDING (moving away) objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH- red shift
APPROACHING objects show a DECREASE in WAVELENGTH- blue shiftSlide5
Star Approaching
Star RecedingSlide6Slide7
RED-SHIFTING
STAR (Moving Away From Us)Slide8
BLUE-SHIFTING
STAR (Moving Towards Us)Slide9
sun
Red or blue shift?Slide10
Star MOVING AWAY from us.
(RED-SHIFTING)
REFERENCE SPECTRUMSlide11Slide12
Mauna Kea ObservatorySlide13
Mauna KeaAug. 2011Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17
Optical telescopes
Need clear weather
Away from city lights (light pollution)
Above clouds (mountain tops)
Less distortion
Many in AZ and HISlide18
Kitt Peak, ArizonaSlide19
REFRACTING TELESCOPES
Use multiple
lenses
to focus light and magnify images.Slide20
The USNO 26-inch Refracting Telescope
Slide21
REFRACTORS
Lenses are
expensive
Chromatic aberration (halo
affect;bad
)
good for observing solar system objects
See details (good contrast)Slide22
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff AZ
discovered Pluto
24” refractorSlide23Slide24Slide25
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
Uses a series of
mirrors
to gather and focus light.Slide26
Reflectors
Mirrors are cheaper
See farther than refractors
Lose detail
Can build larger (10 meters vs. 1 meter)
“Coma” problemSlide27
“coma problem
Stars need edge of field have “tails”Slide28
8” REFLECTORSlide29
Keck Observatory10 m reflector
largest in worldSlide30
LBT Large Binocular Telescope
Two 8.4 m mirrorsSlide31
CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES
combines the best features of refractors and reflectorsSlide32
Dobsonian telescope
Cheap
Reflector
need dark skies
Only azimuth mount
Good beginner telescopeSlide33Slide34
Radio telescopes
Gather incoming radio waves
Convert waves to colors
Produce false color imagesSlide35
Radio telescopes
Best for out of solar system objects
Galaxies
Supernovas
quasarsSlide36Slide37
V
ery
L
arge
A
rray
Socorro, NM
Arrays use many telescopes that act as one telescopeSlide38
V
ery
L
arge
B
aseline
A
rray Sites
Kitt Peak, AZ
New Mex. Texas New Mex. Virgin Islands
Hawaii California Washington Iowa New HampshireSlide39
40 meter radio telescope
Green Bank, WVSlide40
305 meter
Arecibo Radio TelescopeSlide41Slide42
Signal is received by telescopeSlide43
Signal is amplifiedSlide44Slide45Slide46
Janskies
Minutes
Signal is converted to false colorsSlide47
SUPERNOVA REMNANT
All declinations combined make a pictureSlide48
THE MOONSlide49
A GALAXYSlide50
JupiterSlide51
Planet forming Slide52
Advantages of Radio Telescopes
Use anytime (day, clouds,
etc
)
No dome needed
Detect object
much
further awaySlide53Slide54
InfraredSlide55
Advantages of Space Telescopes
No atm. Interference
See clearer
NOT CLOSER
Can detect wavelength
that atm. blocksSlide56
Hubble
reflector
Last service mission (2010) will keep operating to at least 2014
In 2018 Hubble will be replaced by James Webb telescope (IR)Slide57
James Webb telescope
Mission length: 5 years
Remain stationary above EarthSlide58
Hubble vs. WebbSlide59
Other space telescopesSlide60Slide61
Spitzer infrared telescopelaunched 2003
Slide62
GLAST- gamma ray telescopeSlide63
Chandra X-ray telescopelaunched 1999
Slide64
HUT (HOPKINS UV TELESCOPE)
Clumpy universeSlide65
GALEX UVSlide66
COBEmicrowaveSlide67