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Kindergarten and Citizenship Kindergarten and Citizenship

Kindergarten and Citizenship - PowerPoint Presentation

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Kindergarten and Citizenship - PPT Presentation

A Look at Ontario Canada and Shanghai China by Olivia McEniry and Yiwen He Agenda Early childhood education and theories of child development History of Kindergarten in Ontario and Shanghai ID: 326544

education early childhood kindergarten early education kindergarten childhood ontario children retrieved child shanghai learning ece play development http day

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Slide1

Kindergarten and Citizenship

A Look at Ontario, Canada and Shanghai, China

by Olivia McEniry and Yiwen HeSlide2

Agenda

Early childhood education and theories of child development

History of Kindergarten in Ontario and ShanghaiPresent-day systems

Philosophies

Curriculum

Teacher qualification and training

ECE and the three typified views of the good citizen

(Westheimer and Kahne, 2008)

Case study

Wrap-up DiscussionSlide3

Early childhood education (ECE)

Early childhood education (ECE) is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching of young children (formally and informally) up until the age of about eight.

Three major theories of child development

Vygotsky’s socio-cultural learning theory

Piaget’s constructivist theory

Kolb's experiential learning theorySlide4

Histories of Kindergarten

Ontario

Early 1800’s: Infant schools

In the 1870’s:

Privately owned Kindergartens were attended by the upper middle classes

In 1883:

First public Kindergarten in Toronto

In 1885:

Ontario’s Public School Act allocated support to school boards wishing to integrate KindergartenIn 1943: First Half-Day KindergartenIn 1996: Education Amendment ActIn 2010: Full Day Kindergarten In 2015: Child Care and Early Years Act (see references 1,2)

Shanghai

In 1903

: the first official kindergarten was founded in China

Till the 1950s

: adapting early childhood system from other countries

In 1950

: first public kindergarten supported by government in Shanghai

In the 1980s

: encouraging the setting up of both public and private kindergartens in Shanghai

In the 21 century

: the flourish of many private kindergarten such as eton and montessori, etc.Slide5

Present-day system

Ontario

Shanghai

Early Childhood Care

public kindergartens

private kindergartens

state-run, non-profit child care institutions, funded by government

owned by person, social organizations,or cooperatives, for profit. funds generated from fees paid by parents

Early Childhood Care

Licensed child care operators

Full Day Kindergarten

Provincially run and funded, abides by the

Education Act

and the Ministry of Education policies

Government regulated, for- profit or non-profit

(Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2015)Slide6

Philosophy

In the Chinese history of education development, Confucius (551–479 BCE) has been regarded as the Fore-Master of Utmost Divine. He has a great impact not only on wider culture and politics, but also on education in China and some other Asian countries. According to Confucian theory, the relationship between play and education did not centre on educating children through play, but on “the influence of play and environment on children”. For many Chinese, learning has been a matter that should be distinct from play (Liao, 2007). Children are allowed to play after they have completed their serious learning. Play is often used as a reward rather than a strategy in encourage children’s learning (Cooney & Sha, 1999)

ConfuciusSlide7

Philosophy cont’d

Froebel and Owen(Prochner, 2009)

Dewey

School Readiness Slide8

Program plan

3-4yrs: juniors (<25 children/class)

4-5yrs: middles (<25 children/class)5-6yrs: seniors (<30 children/class)

staff-child ratio: 2 teachers and 1 assistant (<1:10)

8:00-8:20

opening activities

8:20-8:30

morning exercise

8:30-9:00

indoor free time9:00-9:30serving snacks 9:30-10:30

class activities

10:30-11:00

group activities

11:00-11:45 lunch time

12:00-15:00

afternoon naps

15:00 getting up and have snacks

15:30-16:00 outdoor activities

16:00 waiting for parents to pick upSlide9

Curriculum

In Shanghai

A common method of teaching in Chinese kindergarten is learning by rote or recitation in unison in class.Most public kindergarten in Shanghai(China) has less time for outdoor activities.

Usually, most early childhood education has put emphasis on children’s regimentation and obedience trainingSlide10

Curriculum

In Ontario

● Child-centered ●

● play-based ●

● school readiness ●

● developmentally appropriate practice ●

● interrelationship of multiple environments ●

● constructive, active citizen ● Early Years Study Best Start Early Learning for Every Child Today (ELECT)Slide11

Teacher’s role

OntarioReflective

Observant

Acts as facilitator who guides

and

initiates

Shanghai

teacher directed

more group activities

take on a very heavy academic focus Slide12

Teacher qualification and training

Shanghaicollege or university diploma, major in ECE or early childhood education oriented.

be good at dancing, drawing, music,etc.

Different qualifications for urban and rural teachers

need ongoing training, no uniformity in training Slide13

Teacher qualification and training

Undergraduate degree

Teacher Training Program in an accredited faculty of education

Early Childhood Educators

→ 2 year diploma relating to the practice of ECE

Slide14

The practical implication of ECE

In recent decades, studies have shown that early childhood education is critical in preparing children to enter and succeed in the (grade school) classroom, diminishing their risk of social-emotional mental health problems and increasing their self-sufficiency as adults. Participation in ECE has been proven to increase high school graduation rates, improve performance on standardized tests, and reduce both grade repetition and the number of children placed in special education.Slide15

ECE and Citizenship

Critical Awareness

Perspective Taking

Independent

and

Collaborative Thinking

* Westheimer (2008)

*Slide16

Case study

In which direction is the bus heading?

What is the number of the parking space containing the car?

Preschool TestSlide17

What do these numbers look like in the mirror?

96 601 890

Find a different one from others.Slide18

The

Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations of 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. It is done with a view to improving education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition in daily life. Students in Shanghai ranked No.1 in 2009 and again 2012 PISA tests.

Is this the consequence of what young kids were trained or learned during their early childhood?Slide19

Wrap-up discussion

How do you think we should prepare young children to be good citizens locally, nationally, globally?

from the perspective of:

educators

government

parents

2) What do

you

think is the

agenda of Ontario’s Full Day Kindergarten? Slide20

Wrap-up discussion

3) Do you think Full Day Kindergarten should play a role in young

children's social development? Why or why not?

4) What

role

do you think

the teacher

should play in a Kindergarten class that promotes democratic

education?Slide21

References

1.Prochner, L. (2009). A History of Early Childhood Education in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Vancouver: UBC Press

2. Elementary Teacher’s Federation of Ontario. (2001). Kindergarten Matters: The Importance of kindergarten in the development of young children.

Retrieved from:

http://www.etfo.ca/Publications/PositionPapers/Documents/

Kindergarten

Matters - The

Importance

of

Kindergarten in the Development of Young Children.pdf (1898). Student Teachers in a Kindergarten classroom image. Archives of Ontario. RG 2257. Retrieved from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Student_teachers_Kindergarten_1898.jpgFerns, C. and Friendly, M. (2014). The state of early childhood education and care in Canada 2012. Moving Childcare Forward Project and Childcare Resource and Research Unit. Retrieved from: http://childcarecanada.org/publications/ecec-canada/14/06/state-early-childhood-education-and-care-canada-2012Slide22

Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2015.

Types of childcare. Retrieved from: http://www.ontario.ca/children-and-youth/types-child-care#section-0

Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013.

Ontario Early Years Policy Framework.

Retrieved from:

https://www.edu.gov.on.ca/childcare/earlyyearsvision.html

Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2007.

Early Learning for Every Child Today: A framework for Ontario Early Childhood settings.

Retrieved from:

http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/early_learning_for_every_child_today.aspx Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2010. The Full Day Early Learning Kindergarten Program. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Ontario College of Teachers. (2015). Requirements. Retrieved from: http://www.oct.ca/~/link.aspx?_id=25CD74DDD6A14F3BA968490666FB1733&_z=z College of Early Childhood Educators. (2015).

History.

Retrieved from:

https://www.college-ece.ca/en/AboutUs/Pages/History-.aspx

Slide23

Westheimer, J. (2008). On the relationship between political and moral engagement. In F. Oser & W. Veugelers (Eds.),

Getting involved: Global citizenship development and the sources of moral values (pp.17-30). Rotterdam: Sense

Early childhood education Retrieved from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_education

The Theories of Child Development. Retrieved from:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_education

Active with the People’s Republic of China. (2015). Retrieved from:

http://www.oecd.org/china/Active-with-China.pdf

PISA Test image. Retrieved from:

http://clwb.org/2012/05/14/what-can-we-learn-from-south-korea/

Questions for preschool test. Retrieved from:http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/family/art/20131115/18506532