Lesson 1 Installing the HyperV Server Role arararPr langenCA dirty0 smtClean0 Server Platforms That Provide HyperV Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems ID: 776465
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Slide1
Module 2
Slide2Module Overview
Slide3Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role
Slide4Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V
Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems:
Include
H
yper-V and other roles
GUI and command-line management
Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights
Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system
Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server operating system
Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer:
Includes only the Hyper-V role
Command-line management only (if managed locally)
Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately
Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:
Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high availability or live migration
Slide5Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability
System
Resource
Windows Server 2012 R2
Server
Logical processors
320
Physical memory
4 TB
Virtual processors per server
2,048
Virtual machine
Virtual processors per virtual machine
64
Memory per virtual machine
1 TB
Running virtual machines per server
1,024
Virtual disk size
64 TB
Failover cluster
Nodes per failover cluster
64
Running virtual machines per cluster
8,000
Slide6Considerations for Disk and Storage
Hyper-V hosts can use
DAS
SAN
NAS (SMB 3.0)
Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)
Virtual Machines require storage for
Virtual hard disk files
Configuration
Checkpoints
Saved state
Slide7Considerations for Networking
Hyper-V host should have multiple NICsDedicated NIC for Hyper-V managementAt least one NIC for virtual machine networksTwo NICs for shared storageDedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)At least one NIC for live migrationUse fast NICsNIC teaming for redundancy and throughputBandwidth management
Slide8Considerations for High Availability
Hyper-V host-based failover clustering
Virtual machines are highly available
Virtual machine-based failover clustering
Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available
Virtual machine-based NLB
Highly available and scale out web-based applications
Application-specific clustering
Applications are highly available
Slide9Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role
Hyper-V is installed as A server roleServer Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exeRestart required after installationHypervisor is added and starts automaticallyWindows Server is moved into parent partitionHyper-V management toolsAdditional servicesPerformance Monitor countersApplications and Services logsHyper-V Administrators groupWindows Firewall rules
Slide10Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V
Slide11Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console
Hyper-V servers
Listing of virtual
machines
Hyper-V server actions
Virtual machine actions
Slide12Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console
Used for configuring Hyper-V
Also on Hyper-V Server
If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager, Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically
Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must enable
Windows Server - Add feature
Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature
Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7)
If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device
RDP
Slide13Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V
Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role
Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows PowerShell
Get-Command -Module Hyper-V
Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*
Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax
Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-, …
Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1
Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM
Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1
Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft
Windows PowerShell ISE
Slide14Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment
Hyper-V can be a workgroup member
This has no effect on virtual machines running on the Hyper-V host
Domain membership simplifies management
To enable remote management in a workgroup
Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)
Create a local user with the same username and password
Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group
Grant administrative rights remotely to local users
Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console
Use
HVRemote
to simplify configuration
Slide15Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer
Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment
Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:
Hyper-V should be the only enabled role
Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers
Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V
BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows PowerShell
Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely
Can filter scan results
Compliance scan returns one of three levels:
Error, Warning, Information
Slide16Hyper-V Security Model
Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V securityChallenging to use, not suitable for complex security rulesDepreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2Many administrators use VMMSimple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groups—are empty by defaultMembers have full access to Hyper-VHyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into Authorization Manager
Slide17Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings
Slide18Overview of Hyper-V Settings
Slide19What Is NUMA?
NUMA
Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory
Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes
Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location
Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines
Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use resources
Can minimize cross-node memory access
NUMA spanning enabled at host level
Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual machine level
By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA
Slide20What Is RemoteFX?
Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent to a physical desktop environment
System Requirements
GPU
Second level address translation
RD Virtualization Host role service
RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware
RemoteFX features:
RemoteFX for WAN
RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics
RemoteFX Media Streaming
RemoteFX Multi-Touch
RemoteFX USB Redirection
Slide21What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
Remote Desktop over VMBusFull Remote Desktop capabilitiesShared clipboardPrinters, smart cards, USB devices redirectionFolder redirectionEnabled at Hyper-V hostGuest operating system support requiredWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 8.1Remote Desktop users
Slide22What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
Hypervisor
Applications
Video / Keyboard / Mouse Driver
VMBus
VMBus
Virtual Machine Management Service
Virtual Machine Worker Process
Applications
Applications
Virtual machine connect
Basic Experience
Slide23What Is Enhanced Session Mode?
Hypervisor
Applications
VMBus
VMBus
Virtual Machine Management Service
Virtual Machine Worker Process
Applications
Applications
Virtual machine connect
Enhanced session mode
Remote Desktop Services
Slide24What Are Resource Pools?
Resource pools are logical containers
Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware
Virtual machine configured to use the pool
Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool
Helpful when moving virtual machines
Resource pools can be used for chargeback
Different resource pool types
Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD
Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell
Get-
VMResourcePool
New-
VMResourcePool
-Name "Contoso Network" -
ResourcePoolType
Ethernet
Slide25Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking
Slide26Clustered
What’s in a storage appliance?x86/x64 ProcessorsMemoryNetwork AdaptersStorage HBAs
“Back”
“Front”
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI
, FC,
FCoE, NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, Parity etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI
, FC,
FCoE
, NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb
Demystifying Storage Appliances
Slide27Clustered
Windows Server 2012 Spaces
Windows Server 2012 File Server
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:iSCSI, NFS, SMB
Multiple physical interfaces; Pools disks, presents LUNs, Simple, Mirrored, etc.
Presents interfaces:
iSCSI
, NFS, SMB
Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA Solution
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
Servers
SAS
SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
40Gb/56 Gb RDMA
Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces
Slide28New Designs: Cluster in a Box
Availability
At least one node and storage always available, despite failure or replacement of any component
Dual power domains
Simplicity
Pre-wired, internal interconnects between nodes, controllers, and storage
Flexibility
PCIe
slots for flexible LAN options
External SAS ports for JBOD expansionOffice-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit under a desk
Server Enclosure
Additional JBODs …
B ports
A ports
x8
PCIe
Server B
Server A
x8
PCIe
x4 SAS
External JBOD
x8
PCIe
x4 SAS
x8
PCIe
1/10G E or
Infiniband
1/10G E or
Infiniband
B ports
A ports
SAS Expander
SAS Expander
23
…
1
0
Network
Network
23
…
1
0
SAS Expander
Storage Controller
CPU
SAS Expander
Storage Controller
CPU
x4 SAS (through
midplane
)
x4 SAS (through
midplane
)
1/10G Ethernet cluster connect
(through
midplane
)
DataOn
– DNS 9220
http://www.dataonstorage.com
Slide29Storage TieringData deduplicationRAID resiliency groupsPooling of disksHigh availabilityPersistent write-back cacheCopy offloadSnapshots
Storage Tiering (new with R2)Data deduplication (enhanced in R2)Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2)Pooling of disksHigh availabilityPersistent write-back cache (new with R2)SMB copy offloadSnapshots
Traditional Storagewith FC/iSCSI Storage Array
Windows File Server Clusterwith Storage Spaces
Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities
Slide30Storage Tiering
Improved storage cost-performance with industry-standard hardwareUse solid-state drives (SSD) and hard-disk drives (HDD) in tiered storage spaceCan “pin” high priority files to the SSD tier
Hard Disk Drives
Hot data
Cold data
Solid State Drives
Storage Spaces
Storage
tiering
Slide31Overview of Storage Spaces
Storage pools – collection of physical disksStorage Spaces – virtual disks on storage spacesStorage Spaces featuresResiliency and integrity on standard disksContinuous availability and CSV integrationOptimal storage use and storage tieringMultitenancy and isolation
Windows
virtualizedstorage
Physical
storage
(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
Storage Pool
Storage
Spaces
Slide32Overview of Disk Deduplication
Identifies and removes duplications within data
Without compromising data integrity
To store more data on less space
After data is stored (post-process)
Requires NTFS file system
Failover clustering and shared storage supported
CSV support added in R2
Can significantly decrease space for VHD library
R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI
VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share
Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not supported
Slide33What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
Traditional data copy modelServer issues read request to SANData is read and transferred into memoryData is transferred and written from memory to SANIssues: CPU and memory utilization, increased trafficOffload-enabled data copy modelServer issues read request and SAN returns tokenServer issues write request to SAN using tokenSAN completes data copy and confirms completionBenefits: Increased performance, reduced utilizationSAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer
Compares with
VAAI
Slide34What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?
Intelligent Storage Array
Storage array
Storage array
Actual data transfer
Offload read
Token
Offload write
Token
Compares with
VAAI
Slide35What Is SMB 3.0?
SMB is network file sharing protocol
SMB protocol versions are backward compatible
SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)
SMB Transparent Failover
SMB Scale Out
SMB Multichannel
SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)
SMB Encryption
VSS for SMB file shares
Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell
SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it
Slide36Hyper-V over SMB
Hyper-V data files stored on network shares
Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints
Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer
File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers
They must be members of the same Active Directory
Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated (VDI)
Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN
Uses SMB 3.0 features
Benefits
Easier provisioning and management
Uses existing infrastructure