Sedimentary rocks 101 Sedimentary rock forms at or near the earths surface Formation Processes that help form sedimentary rock include weathering erosion deposition compaction ID: 584001
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Slide1
Welcome Back Geologists!
Sedimentary rocks 101Slide2
Sedimentary rock forms at or near the earth’s surfaceSlide3
Formation
Processes that help form sedimentary rock
include:
weathering
,
erosion
,
deposition
,
compaction
, &
cementation
Slide4
Weathering
The process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processesSlide5
Erosion
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.Slide6
Deposition
The process in which material is laid down or rock.
Sediment settles out of water or wind carrying it during deposition.Slide7
Compaction
The process by which sediments are pressed or squeezed togetherSlide8
Cementation
The process in which sediments are glued or stick together after minerals crystallizeSlide9
Arrangement of Sedimentary Rocks
Strata
Layers of rock Slide10
Types of Sedimentary Rock
Clastic
Chemical
OrganicSlide11
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Made of fragments of rocks cemented
(glued) together
by a mineralSlide12
Conglomerate
A type of clastic sedimentary rock
Coarse-grained Slide13
Shale
Another type of sedimentary rock
Fine-grainedSlide14
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Forms from solutions of dissolved minerals and water
Example: Na +
Cl
=
HaliteSlide15
Organic Sedimentary Rock
Forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals.Slide16
Examples of Organic Sedimentary Rock:
Fossiliferous Limestone
CoalSlide17Slide18
Sedimentary Rock Structures
One noticeable feature of most sedimentary rocks is
stratification.
Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.
Ripple marks
,
mud cracks
, and
rain drop impressions
are all examples of sedimentary rock structuresSlide19
Ripple Marks
Shows the motion of wind and water waves on lakes, oceans, rivers, and sand dunes.Slide20
Mud Cracks
Mud cracks form when sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to the air and then dry out.Slide21
Rain drop impressions
When raindrops hit soft or fine-grained sediment, once the sediment dries you can see visible holes that are left behind (the raindrop impressions).Slide22
Uses of Sedimentary Rock
Sandstone has been used as building materials because it is soft enough to cut easily into blocks or slabs.
Limestone is used in making cement.Slide23
How much do you know?
1. what processes help form sedimentary rocks?
2. What does
strata
mean?
3. What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
4. What are two examples of sedimentary rocks?
5.
How can sedimentary rocks be used in the real world?Slide24
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