NASATechnicalMemorandum83771EffectofCombinedPressureandTemperatureDist - PDF document

1 NASATechnicalMemorandum83771'•EffectofCo
NASATechnicalMemorandum83771'•EffectofCombinedPressureand_TemperatureDistortionOrientationon[-IighBypass-RatioTurbofanEn,dneStability(l_ASb-Ttt-83771)E_E_c'rCl_CCI_BII_EDPEESSU_N85-1CC67AIiDTIiMPERATU__)ISIG_ICN6EIENTATIONON:"_!GH-BYPASS-RIlIOTUREOIA_EbGI_ESTABILITY(NASA)37pHCAO3/M9A01CSCI21EOnclasG3/0724252RonaldH.SoederandCharlesM.Mehalic[3_:LewisResearchCenter_Cleveiard,OhioOctober1984.L1985001760 it°'J'b,_EFFECTOFCOMBINEDPRESSUREANDTEMPERATUREDISTORTIONORIENTATIONJ,_ONHIGH-BYPASS-RATIOTURBOFANENGINESTABILITY''!'RonaldH.SoederandCharlesM.Mehalic;_NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,•LewisResearchCenter-,Cleveland,Ohio44135,SUMMARYtTheeffectsofsteady-stateandquasi-steady-statecombined180°-extentcircumferential-pressureandtemperaturedistortionsoninletflowandin-]tarsalengineperformanceweredeterminedforahigh-bypass-ratioturbofanengine.Tomeasureperformanceattheengineinlet,theflow-angle,static-.'pressure,total-pressure,andtotal-temperatureinstrumentationwasplacedbetweenthehydrogenburnerortherotatable-screendistortion-generatoras-semblyandtheengineinlet.Fanandcompressorperformancewasmeasured,'usingstatic-pressure,total-pressure,andtotal-temperaturemeasurementslocatedatthefanexitandcompressorinletandexit.Inaddition,static-pressuremeasurementsweremadeinthepassageupstreamofthecompressorfaceandateachstatorstageinsidethecompressor.Three180°-extentcircumferentialscreenswereseparatelymountedontherotatableassemblytoprovidedifferenttotal-pressuredistortionintensities"andorientatio

2 ns.Ahydrogenburner,capableof±30°rotation
ns.Ahydrogenburner,capableof±30°rotationfromtopdead,center,producedvarioustotal-temperaturedistortionintensitiesandorien-tatiens.Themechanicallapspeedatstandardsealevelconditionswasratedat7005rpm.Allexperimeatswereconductedwithafanspeed(correctedtoi•theundistortedtemperaturesectorsatstationI)of90percentofratedcon-,,iditionandaReynoldsnumberindexof0.5..Free-streamyawangleii,creasedbetweenthescreenassemblyandtheen-gineinlet.Thelargestyawanglevariationoccurredatthehubregionofthe_:engineinlet.Thelargestvariationinbothfree-streamandtipooundary'_.layeryawangleoccurredwhencombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortionwas180°out-of-phase.Static-pressuredistortiongenerated_longtheinletductwallbythescreenassemblyincrease6exponentiallyasflowapproachedtheengineinlet.'Thestatic-pressureprofilewasflatatthecompressorexit,Total-pressureandtotal-temperatureprofilesremainedconstantalongtheinletduct.Atthecompressorexitthetotal-pressureprofilewasflat,andthetotal-temperature._profilewassinusoidalforallcombineddistortionorientationsinvestigated.Thehighestleveloftemperaturedistortioninsidethecompressionsystemoccurred_enthecombined180°-extentdistortionswereoverlappedattheen-&ineinlet.Thelevelofstatic-pressuredistortionremainedconstantthrough'thefirstfivestagesofthecompressorandthendecreasedthroughtheremain-ingstages.Therelationshipbetweentheleveloftotal-pressureandtotal-temperature_.distortionwhichresultsinenginestallevolvedintoaenginests%ilitymapforthecompregsorinlet.Themapshowsaco_rldorofstableengine!

3 ,operation.Themaximumtotal-pressuredisto
,operation.Themaximumtotal-pressuredistortionatstation2Cis16.4!%198500]760-002 percent.Themaximumtotal-temperaturedistortionatstation2Cresultinginqcompressorstallis33percent.=INTRODUCTIONFutureimprovementinalrbreathingpropulsionenginesisbasedontheabilitytoaccuratelypredicttheeffectsofnonuniforminletflowonenginestability.Theseflowvariationsarediscernibleattheengineinletintheformofpressure,temperature,orcombineddistortions.Analyticalefforthasrecentlyresultedinthedevelopmentofcompressormodelsthatpredictthe_,eZfectsofinletdistortiononaturbojetengine(ref.I)andonlow-bypass-'ratioturbofanengineperformance(refs.2to5).Toevaluatethesemodels,itisimportanttocorrectlydefinetheactualflowfieldsenteringandpass-ingthroughthecompressionsysteminthepresenceofpressure,temperature,andcombinedpressure-temperaturedistortions.Low-bypass-ratioturbofanen-gineinvestigationsdealingwithtemperaturedistortionsarereportedin.references6to9,andtheeffectsofpressuredistortionarepresentedinreferencesI0to13.ThisinvestigationwasconductedtoevaluateengineandcompressorfJowcharacteristicsproducedbycombined180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedistortionsofdifferentintensitiestoprovideadatabaseforevaluatinghigh-bypass-ratioturbofanenginemodels.Evaluationofthecombinedinletpressure-temperaturedistortionswasachievedthroughtheuseoftotalpres-sure,staticpressure,andtotaltemperatureprobesinstalledinaYTF34turbofanengineattheengineinlet,fanexit,andthecompressorinletandexit.Free-streamyawflowarglesweremeasuredusingflow-anglerakesatt

4 woaxialstationsbetweenthedistortiondevic
woaxialstationsbetweenthedistortiondevices(hydrogenburnerandrotatablescreenassembly)andfaninlet.Staticpressuretapswereinstalledalongtheinlet-ductwallattwocircumferentialpositions.Static-pressurevariationupstreamofanengineinletisdiscussedinreference14.Staticpressuremeasurementswerealsomadeateachofthe13stagesinsidetheaxial-flowcompressor.Themeasurementsweremadeattwocircumferentiallocationsforeachstage.Dataarepresentedforafancorrectedspeedof90percentofratedconditionandaReynoldsnumberindexof0.5(basedontheundistortedsectorsatstationI,thei_letflowmeasurementstation).Thepressureandtempera--turedistortiunek_ntwas180°.Thescreensusedintheinvestigationpro-ducedpressuredistortionlevelsupto16.4percent.Thehydrogenburnerwasadjustedtoproducetemperaturedistortionlevelsbetween6.7and33percent.Theabovenotedpercentdistortionlevelsoccurredwhencombineddistortionwaspresentatthecompressorinlet.SYMBOLSjenaturallog._rithmbase"I!NFR2fanspeedcorrectedtostation2testconditions,NFI%/O2,rpmPpressure,PaPNFR2fanspeedcorrectedtostation2testconditionsaspercentof7005rpm2!1985001760-003 t!RNIReynoldsnumberindex,6/(_/_sls)N_-rmeanradiusofinletduct,0.56mI°Ttemperature,KUtangentialvelocity,m/secVaxialvelocity,mlsecxaxiallength,m!Byawangle,deg:Lmaximum-minimumvalue6ratiooftotalpressuretostandardsealevelstaticpressureieratiooftotaltemperaturetostandardsealevelstatictemperature!!_absoluteviscosity,kgl(m-sec)iSubscripts:sstaticconditionslsstandardsealevelstaticconditionTtotalcondition)Stations:i1airflowmeteringstation,

5 located126.64cmupstreamofengineinletIIBy
located126.64cmupstreamofengineinletIIByawmeasurementstationbehinddistortionscreen,located57.62cmupstreamofengineinletICendofstaticpressuretapsalonginlet-ductwall,located:56.49cmupstreamofengineinlet2engineInlet-pressure,temperature,andflowanglemeasurement,located14.96cmupstreamofengineinlet2Astartofstaticpressuret_salonginlet-ductwall,located3.81cmupstreamofengineinlet2Ccompressorinlet;outerwallofpassagelocated57.91cmdown-streamofengineinlet,innerwallofpassagelocated55.93cmdownstreamofengineinlet.2Dfirst-stagecompressorstators2Esecond-stageconr)ressorstators2Fthird-stagecompressorstators2Gfourth-stagecompressorstators2Hfifth-stagecompressorstators2Isixth-stagecompressorstators2Jseventh-stagecompressorstators2Kelghth-stagecompressorstatoL_3)_mP"_qrI1985001760-004 :2Lninth-sta_ecompressorstators2Mtenth-stagecompressorstators2Neleventh-stagecompressorstators2Ptwelfth-stagecompressorstators2Rthirteenth-stagecomT."essorstat'rs2.4fanexitlocated30.80cmdownstreamofengineinlet2.5inlettocompressorflowpassage;outerwallofpassageislocated40.30cmdownstreamoftheengineinlet,innerwallofpassageislocated37.25cmdownstreamofengineinlet2.6compressorflowpassage_outerwailofpassageislocated_b.88cmdownstreamofengineinlet,innerwallofpassageislocated43.42cmdownstreamofengineinlet2.7compressorflowpassage;outerwallofpassageislocated5;.53cmdownstreamofengineinlet,innerwallofpassageislocated49.72cmdownstreamofengineinlet3compressorexit,located121.23cmdownstreamofengineinletAPPAR_2USEngineLTheengineusedfo

6 rthisinvestigationwasaYTF34high-bypass-r
rthisinvestigationwasaYTF34high-bypass-ratio(6.23to1)turbofanengine.Asingle-stagefan,witharatedpressureratioof1.51,wasdrivenbyafour-stagelow-pressureturbine.The14-stageaxial-:flowcompressorhadanominalcompressionratioof14.5andwasdrivenbya2-stageair-cooledhigh-pressureturbine.Theenginewasinstalledinanaltitudechamberbyadirect-connecttypeofinstallation(fig.1).Engineschematicandinstrumentation-stationdiagramsfortheregionupstreamofthefaninletandattheinlet,inter-stage,andexitofthecompressorarepresentedinfigure2./DistortionDevicesInletpressuredistortion(pressurelowerthanaverage)wasgeneratedusin$oneofthreescreenconfigurationswithcircumferentialextentsof180°mountedonarotatablescreenassembly(fig.3)located0.692m(27.24in)upstreamoftheengineinlet.DistortionscreendescriptionsaregivenintableI.Agaseous-hydrogenfueledburnerwasusedtoproducesteady-statetemper-aturedistortions(temperaturehigherthanaverage)attheengineinlet.Th_'burnerwasinstalledintheplenumupstreamoftheinletductbellmouth(fig.'4).Theburnerhadthecapabilityofbeingrotatedf30°fromthecenterpositionandwasdividedintofourindividuallycontrolledquadrantsAirpassingth-ou_htheburnerwasheatedinselected90"sectors.Each0°burn-ersectorcontainedsixswlrl-canpilotburnershoprovidethe_gnltionso_r_e'4l..)"1985001760-005 forthehydrogen.Inaddition,each90"sectorcontainedsixannulargutterssupportedbyoneradialgutterandsixcircular-tubemanifolds(oneinsideeachannulargutter)withsmallholesforhydrogeninjection.Ahydrogenmanifoldsineach90"sectorbytubingandaflowcontrol

7 valve.ThehydrogenImanifoldwasconnectedto
valve.ThehydrogenImanifoldwasconnectedtothehydrogensupplybyadditionallengthsoftubingandamainflowcontrolvalve.Theburnerwaslocated3.81m(150in)up-streamoftheengineinlet.InstrumentationTheinstrumentationusedtoacquirethedataisoutlinedinfigures2and5to7_Totalandstaticpressureswererecordedonscanivalvescalibratedforarangeof103to1379kPa(15to200psia).Thesemeasurementsincludedpressurelevelsattheflowmeteringlocationintheinletduct(stationI)-_behindthedistortionscreen(stationsIBandIC),andalongtheinletduct,_engineinlet,fanexit,andcompressorinletandexit.Figure6showsthedetailsassociatedwiththeyawflow-anglepressure-measurementrakelocatedatstation2.Yawangleispositivewhenthetan-gentialflowcomponentisinthedirectionoffanrotation,asnotedinfigure;6.Aflow-anglemeasurementwasalsomadein_nediatelybehindthescreenas-semblyatstationlB.Lastly,boundarylayeryawanglepressureprobeswereinstalledinthetipregionatstation2(seefig.7).Flowangleprobeswerecalibratedforarangeof±30"atthesamefree-streamMachnumbersencoun-teredduringengineexperiments.Theestimatederroris±1/2°.Amoredetaileddescriptionofflow-angleprobesisfoundinreference15.Temperaturesweremeasuredfromstation1(flowmeasuringstation)tothecompressorexit(station3)usingchromel-alumelthermocouples,exceptat_station2.4(fanduct)wherecopper-constantanthermocoupleswereused.Bothtypesofthermocoupleswerereferencedtoa339K(610eR)oven.Machnumberrecoverycorrectionsusedforthermocouplesarediscussedinreference16.PROCEDURESteady-statecombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortionsattheeng

8 ineinletweregeneratedbyarotatablescreena
ineinletweregeneratedbyarotatablescreenassembly(fig.3)andahydrogenburner(fig.4).Forthesteady-statecombineddistortioninvestigation,theburnerwassetatthe0or+_30"position.Thescreenwasrotatedin90°._incrementsbetween0and360".Allangularpositionsnotedareclockwiseasiviewedlookingupstreamfrozntheaftendoftheengine.b•_Thefirstdistortionoclentatlonwaswitha180"extent,49.4percentiblockagescreen(I0p_.-c_nttotal-pressuredistortionattheengineinlet)"|_positionedfrom0to180".Theburnerwaspositionedat0(sectorpartitionsareverticalandhorizontal)andquadrantsIIIandIV(seefig.4)wereIgnlt-ed.Thegaseous-hydrogenfLowwasthenincreaseduntiltheaveragetempera-tureattheenginefacefrom180°to360"wasapproximately319K(575°R).Thetemperaturefrom0to180"was289K(520°R).Thet_mperaturedlf-ferencebetweenheatedandunheatedquadrantsproducedatotal-temperaturedistortionlevelof10percentattheengineinlet.WhenconditionsattheengineinletwerestaD!_,adatapointwasrecorded.QuadrantIIIofthe5....j1985001760-006 burnerwasthenshutdown,andtherotatablescreenassemblywasrotated90°clockwisesothatthescreenextendedfromg0°to270°.QuadrantIoftheburnerwasthenignited,andhydrogenflowincreaseduntilquadrantsIandIVinlet(270°to90°position).Thisprocedurewascontinueduntilthe•180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedistortionwasrotatedovertheentireengineface.Foursteady-statedatapointswererecordedateachburnerangularpositionof-30°,0,and+30°.Theresultis12datapointsperrakeforeachprofilediscussedinthisinvestigation.Therotatablescreenas-semblyandburnerwerepositionedsuchthato

9 neofthefollowingfourconfigu-rationsperta
neofthefollowingfourconfigu-rationspertained:(1)thescreenwas180_out-of-phasewiththe180°-extenttemperaturedistortion(previouslydiscu?..ed),(2)thescreenprecededthe180°-extenttemperaturedistortionby90°,(3)thescreencompletelyover-lappedthe180°temperaturedistortion,and(4)thescreenlaggedthe180°-extenttemperaturedistortionby90°.Thenextsegmentofthisinvestigationentailedacompressorstabiliuystudy.Forthefirstexperimenttheheatedsectorsoftheburnerextendedfrom180°to_60°.The180°-extentpressuredistortionwaspositionedfrom0to180°.Thetemperaturedistortionwasincreasedataconstantriseratelowenoughtoprovidequasi-steady-stateconditions,untilstalloccurred.Thepressureandtemperaturedistortionorientationforthisexperimentwasde-finedasbeing180°out-of-phase.Similarcompressorstabilityexperimentsincludedthefollowingpressureandtemperaturedistortionorientations:(1)temperaturedistortionfrom0to180°andpressuredistortionfrom180°to360°,and(2)pressureandtemperaturedistortionoveL_apfrom(a)0to180°or(b)from180°to360°.Thisprocesswasrepeatedfortwootherdistortionscreens.Forcombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortiontests,thepresentationofasetof12datapointsforapressu=eortemperatureprofileisasfol-lows.Theburnerwassetat0,andthefirstdatapointwasplottedatitsInstalledangularrake(ortap)position.Theseconddatapointwasthen:plottedatastepof30°,butintheoppositedirectiontotherotationoftheignitedburnersectors.ThisprocedureissimilartoholdingLheburnerinafixedpositionandrotatingtheinstrumentation.Pressureandtemperaturedatawerenormalizedtou

10 pstreamplenumpressuresandtemperaturesino
pstreamplenumpressuresandtemperaturesinordertocompensateforsmallrun-to-runvariations.Ateachoftheinletductwailstatictaps(fig.5)attwocircumferentiallocations,amaximumandminimumstaticpressurewereidentifiedforeachte_tseriesof12datapoints.Thedifferencebetweenthemaximumandminimumwasnor_ualizedwithasimilardifferenceatthestatictapsnearesttheengineinlet(station2A,fig.5)andpresentedasarelativestatic-pressuredis-tortlonlevelAconstantReynoldsnumberindex(RNI)of0.5wasachievedbymaintaining,approximatelya289K(520°R)totaltemperatureintheundistortedsectorsoftheburnerandadjustingtheengineinlettotalpressuretoobtainavalueof0.5RNIatstation1.Thefanmechanicalspeedwasadjustedduringsteady--_statecombineddistortiontestsandatthestartofthecompressorstability,iexperimentsinorderthatthecorrectedfanspeedbasedontheundistortedburnersectorswas90percentofratedcondition.}1985001760-007 RESULTSTheeffectsofcombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortiononinletflowv_v.__r........1_...............................................oninletflowangle,inletductstatic-pressuredistortion,faninlet,com-pressorinlet,andcompressorinternalandexitpressureandtemperaturepro-filesarepresented.Theeffectofcombineddistortionoverlaponengineinletstabilityarediscussed.The180°-extentpressuredistortionvariedfrom6.8to16.4percent,andthe180°-extenttemperaturedistortionvariedfrom6.7to33percent.Thesedistortionlevelsoccurredwhencombineddis-tortionwaspresentatthecompressorinlet.TheReynoldsnumberindexatstation1intheundistortedtemperaturesectorswassetat0.

11 5,andthecor-rectedfanspeedwas90percentof
5,andthecor-rectedfanspeedwas90percentofratedcondition.FlowAngleCleaninlet.-TheundistortedstreamlineyawflowanglesatstationIBareshowninfigure8.Theyawanglevariedfrom-1.7°atthehubregionto-2.5°atthemidspanregion.Thefree-streamyawangleatstation2variedfrom-0.1°atthehubto-2.7°atthetipregionasshowninfigure9(a).Theabovenotedyawanglevariationsoccurredatacorrectedfanspeedof90percent.Asimilarfree-streamundistortedyawflowanglecompensationmapatstation2(engineinlet)waspresentedinreference17.Thetipboundarylayeryawangleatstation2remainedconstantat+0.8°asshowninfigure9(b).180°distortion.-Flow-angledataobtainedatstations1Band2whenthefanspeedwas90percentofratedconditionandRNIequalto0.5arepresentedinfigures10to12.TheyawanglevariationwithrelativecircumferentialpositionimmediatelybehindtherotatablescreenassemblyatstationIB,located57.62cm(22.69in)upstreamof_heengineinlet,showsaprofilethatvariesslightlywithinadatabandof±2.5°(seefig.I0).Thenearlycon-stantyawangleprofilesatstationIBistheresult02anabsenceofthemix-"_inkofthetwopartsoftheflow(noenginepumpingeffects).TheorientationofthecombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortionshadnoeffectonhubandmidspanyawanglevariationatstationlB.FlowangledatapresenteoinfiguresIIand12wereobtainedwith180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedistortionatstation2.ThemagnitudeofeachdistortionwasapproximatelyI0percent.Total-pressureandtotal-temperaturedistortionsatstation2aredefinedas(PT'max-PT'min)(I)PT,avand(TTlmax-TTlmin)(2)TT,avThemaximumandminimumvaluesinequation(2)refertothemax

12 imumorminimumvaluesoftherakeaverage.Thea
imumorminimumvaluesoftherakeaverage.Theaveragepressureortemperaturetermreferstoafaceaveragevalue.Thetotal-pressuredistortionsluesforall7-,,l_,!1985001760-008 I•+I_b++....+-T+'!+'screenstestedatsteady-statecondition_with0.5RNIand90p_rcentfan+:speedarelistedintableI."Fr_=utr_¥&w_$1evaL_1,L_on_atstation2arepresentedinfigureIi.Theamplitudeoftheyawanglevariationsincreasedastheflowapproachedtheengineinletforallfourdistortionorientationsinvestigated.Thelarg-estvariationoccursinthehubregionfortheorientationwherepressureandtemperaturedistortionare180°out-of-phase(fig°il(b)).Forthisconflgu-Trationtherangeofthehubyawangleisfrom+31"to-22.5°,whichisseveraldegreeslarger,onanoverallyawanglevariationbasis,thantheotherthreecombined-distortlonorientationsinvestigated.Anexaminationofthestation=2tipboundarylayerprofilesinfigure12showsthelargestvariationalso'occursfortheorientationwherepressureandtemperaturedistortionsare180°out-of-phase.Thisresultissimilartodatapres6ntedinreference8.Considerthehubyawangleprofilesassociatedwithpressure,temperature,orcombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortionthatarepresentedinfigure13.Theslopeoftheyawangleprofiledecreasesforpressuredistortiononlyandincreasesfortemperaturedistortiononly.Thecombined-distortionyawangleprofilewherethe180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedistortionare180°out-of-phasewitheachotherissimilartotheprofileassociatedwithpressuredistortiononly.Theprofilesshowthattemperaturedistortionhasonlyaweakeffectonflowanglewhencomparedwithpressuredistortion.S

13 taticPressureDistortionThechangeofstatic
taticPressureDistortionThechangeofstatic-pressuredistortionalongtheinletductwallfrombehindtherotatablescreenassemblytotheengineinletispresentedinfigure14.Datawererecordedfor180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedis-tortionsattheengineinletforfourdifferentcombineddistortionorien-:tatlons._oestatic-pressuredistortionchangedevelopedinreference14and_,presentedinreferences8and13foralow-bypass-ratioturbofanengineandreference17forahigh-bypass-ratioturbofanenginewasfoundtoholdfor'thisinvestigation.Thedistortionchangeisdefinedas(Ps,max-Ps,min)foreachlocation,normalizedby(Ps,max-Ps,mln)atstation2Aor(APs)/(APs)2A.Thedatapresentedinfigure14showthattherelativestatic-pressuredistortiondoesfollowtheexponentialcurve,asdiscussedinreference14.iThedatainfigure14divergefromtheexponentialcurvefornormalizeddis-Itanceparameterx/rmvalueslessthan0.26andgreaterthan0.83.The1axiallocationforstation2rakesisatx/rm=to0.26,andthefree-streamyawanglerakelocatedatstation1Bisatx/rm=1.03.Theaforementionedrakesproducedadisruptiveeffectonairflowduetorakeblockageoftheinletduct.Inaddition,theconicalspinnermountedonthefrontoftheenginec,usesanareachangetooccurbeforethestreamlinesenterthefaninlet.Thetheoreticalcurvepresentedinfigure14holdsforaconstantareaductandcanbemathematicallyexpressedasAP-[(x-x2A)/rm]s-e(3)(APs)2A81985001760-009 ,,/FTheareachangeendrakeblockagenotedaboveallcontributedtothedivergencebetweentheexperimentaldataandthetheoreticalcurveatstationsIB,2,and2A._PressureandTemperatureProfilesatInletAxialvariatio

14 noftotal-andstatic-pressureandtotal-temp
noftotal-andstatic-pressureandtotal-temperaturepro-filesaloneinletduct.-Figure15describestheaxialvariationoffree-streamrake-averagetotalpressuresbetweenstationIB(Inunedlatelybehindtherotatablescreenassembly)andstation2(engineinlet).Alsoshownistheaxialvariationoffree-streamrake-averagelotaltemperaturebetweenstation1(downstreamofthehydrosenburner)andstation2.ThevariationofInletductstatlc-pressureprofilesbetweenstation1C(seafig.5)andstation2isalsopresented.Thetotal-pressureandtouel-temperatureprofilesshowlittlechangeinamplitudealongtheinletductastheflowapproachestheengineinlet.Thedatashowtherelationshipbetweenthetotal-pressureandtotal-temperatureprofilesbasedontheorientationoftwodistortions(pressureandtemperstura).Whenthetwodistortionsare180"out-of-phasewitheachother,eachhalfoftheengineinlet(station2)issubjectedtoonlyonetypeofdistortion(seefig.15(a)).Figure15(b)showstheseprofileswhenthepressuredistortionprecedesthetemperaturedistortionby90".Thetotal-pressureandtotal-temperatureprofilesoffigure15(c)occurwhenthe180°-extentdistortionpatternsaresuperimposed(180"over-lapped)oneachotherand,therefore,h_Ifoftheengineinletissubjectedtobothdistortions.Thelas_combineddistortionorientationoccurswhenthepressuredistortionlagsthetemperaturedistortionby90"(fig.15(d)).Thetotal-pressureandtotal-temperatureprofilesshowninfigure15(b)and15(d)areidentifiedas90"overlappln8combineddistortions.-,Thestatic-pressureprofilesoffigures15(a)to(d)showthattheamplitudeoftheslnusoldaJprofilesincreasesbetweensta

15 tion1C(nearesttothescreen)ands_atlon2for
tion1C(nearesttothescreen)ands_atlon2foreachofthefourcombineddistortionorlentationsinvestigated.Theincreaseinstatic-pressureprofileamplitudealongtheinletductwasalsoshowniufigure14.Thelargestamplitudevariationin-_statlc-pressureprofile_occursinthehubregionatstation2.IIThehubstatlc-pressureprofilesatstation2areshowninfigure16.Anexaminationoftheprofilesbetween0to180"showsthatthelowestststl¢-ipressureleveloccurswhenthedistortionisproducedentirelybyascreen.tOverthe0to90"sector,purepressuredistortionoccursWhen(I)pressureIandtemperaturedistortionare180"out-of-phasewitheachotherand(2)Ipressuredistortionprecede_temperaturedistortionby90°.Similarly,pure_Ipressuredistortionoccursovorthe90"to180"sectorwhen(1)pressuredistortionandtemperaturedistortionare180°out-of-phaseand(2)tempera-Iituredistortionprecedespressuredistortionby90".Thedatabelow1.0from0to180"infigure16verifythatthestreamllnesareenteringalow-pressureiregion.iCompressionSystemPressureandTemperatureProfiles!Pressureandtemperatureprofilesatfanexit-Normallzedtotal-!pvessure_total-temperature,endstatic-pressureprofilesatthefanexiti(station2.4)areshowninfigure17.Thetotal_pressureandtotal-g,!t1985001760-010 a._-,_"iitemperatureprofilesatstation2.4haveaslnusoidalshape.(Thoseatthe:inlet(station2)havesquarewaveprofilesattheengineinlet(fig.15))._':"Thetransitionfromsquaretoslnusoidalshapeindicatesthecircumferentialblendinzthatoccurredinthefan.Anexaminationofthetotal-pressureprofilesatstation2.4(seefigs.IF(a-l)to17(d-1))showsthatashift

16 of7.5°to30"inthedirectionoppositetofanro
of7.5°to30"inthedirectionoppositetofanrotationoccursIllthelowprescureregionoftheprofiles(databelow1.0),dependingonthecombineddistortionorientationatstation2.Thisrotationoftheprofilescanbeattributedtotheredirectionoftheflowbythefanexitguidevanes.,Ifwecomparethecircumferentialextentsofthetotal-temperatureprofilesatstation2.4thatareabove1.0(temperaturedistortedregion)withthecircumferentialextentsoftheprofilesatstation2thatareabove1.0,ashiftintheprofilesinthedirectionoffanrotationoccursatstation2.4.Thisisobservedincomparingfigures17(b-2),(c-2),and(d-2)withfigures15(b-2),(c-2),and(d-2).Thestation2.4profileshaverotatedfromaminimumof16.5"(figs.17(b-2)and(d-2))toamaximumof22.5°(fig.17(c-2))inthedirectionoffanrotation.Thetemperatureprofilerotationistheresultoftemperaturepassingthroughafanorcc,._ressoralongaparticlepath(apropertyofstate)ascomparedwithpressure,whichpassesthroughrotatingcomponentsasawave(ref.3).Theamplitudeofthetemperatureprofilesatstation2.4isduetothetemperaturedistortionthatexistsatstation2plustheincreasedtemperatureelsethatoccur_inthefanduetopressuredistortion.Static-pressureprofilesupstreamofcompressorinlet.-Thestatic-pressureprofilesatstation2.5irthecompressorflowpassagebetweenthefanexitandcompressorinletareshowninfigureIS.Theprofileshaveaslnusoidalconfigurationforeachofthefourcombineddistortionorientationsinvestigated,andthereisnodifferenceinprofileamplitudebetweenhubandtipstaticslocatedinthepassage.Acomparisonofthestatic-pressurepro-:filesatstation2.5(fig.18)and

17 station2.4(fanexit;seefig.19)showsanincr
station2.4(fanexit;seefig.19)showsanincreaseinprofileamplituderesultedfromcompresaorpumpingeffectsandtoalesserextentthereductioninflowpassageareafromthefanexittothecompressorflowpassageupstreamofthecompressorinlet.Anothercomparisonofthesinusoidalstatic-pressureprofilesatstation2.5(seefig.18)withtheprofilesattheengineinlet(statisn2;seefig.16)showsthatthelowpresr"reregionatstation2(databelow1.0)isfrom0to180°andthatatstat_un2.5thelowp_'essureregionisfrom330"to150".Thisindicatesthata30"rotationofthestatic-pressureprofileinthedirectionoppositetothatoffanrotationhasoccurred.Thisshiftissimilartothatdiscussedpreviouslyforthetotal-pressureprofilesatstation2.4.Static-pressurep_'ofilesatstations2.6and2.7alongthecompressorflowpassageupstreamofthecompressorinletareshowninfigure19.Thedatapresentedareforcombineddistortionorientationswherepressureandtemperaturedistortionare180°out-of-phase.Similarprofileswereobtained_fortheotherthreed;stortionorientationsinvestigatedandarenotshown.-Thestatlc-pressureprofilesatstations2.6and2.7haveasinusoldalcon-figuration,andthehubzndtipdataarecoincident.Theamplitudeand30°profileshiftpresentatthefanexitalsoexistsatstations2.6and2.7.I'10P1985001760-011 iPressureandtemperatureprofilesatcompressorinlet.-Normalizedtotal-pressure,total-temperature,andstatic-pressureprofilesatthec,om-_,pressorinlet(station2C)areshowninfigure20.Thetotal-pressure[,rofiles(seefigs.20(a-l)to(d-l))showthat180°-extentpressuredistortionoc-|cuffedatthecompressorfaceregardlessofthedistor

18 tionorientation.TheItotal-pressuredistor
tionorientation.TheItotal-pressuredistortionextentbetweentheengineinletandcompressorinletwasthereforemaintained.Theshapeofthetotal-pressureprofileschangedIifromasquarewaveformatstation2(engineinlet)toadoublrexponentialwaveform(anincreasingexponentialcurvefollowedbyadecreasingexponentialcurveafterapeakvalueisattained)atthecompressorinlet.Thetotal-temperatureprofileshaveasinusoidalconfigurationandthe4distortionextentsvariedfrom165°,wherecombineddistortionsare180°out-of-phase(fig.20(a-2))andpressuredistortionprecedestemperaturedistortionby90°(fig.2G(b-2)),to174°,wheretemperaturedistortionprecedespressuredistortionby90"(fig.20(d-2)).Thisrepresentsasmallreductionin180"-extenttemperaturedistortionwhichoccursatthefanexit(seefig.17).Inadditionthetemperatureprofilesatstation2Chaverotatedfurtherinthedirectionoffanrotationfromtheircircumferentialpositionsatstation2.4.Therotationvariedfrom22.5°whenpressuredistortionprecedestemperaturedistortionby90°(seefig20(b-2))to30°whenpressureandtemperaturedistortionare180°out-of-phase(fig.20(a-2))andpressureandtemperaturedistortionoverlap(fig.20(c-2)).Thisrotationofthetemperatureprofileswaspreviouslydiscussedinconjunctionwithfigure17.Thestatic-pressureprofilesatstation2Chaveasinusoidalconfiguration(figs.20(a-3)to20(d-3)).Thehubstaticdataareatalowerlevelthanthetipstaticdataoverthepressuredistortedextent,indicatin_alargerdis--tortionamplitudeinthehubregionofthecompr=ssorinlet.Thehubandtipstaticrelationshipatthecompressorfacewassimilarforallthecombin

19 eddistortionorientationsinvestigated,cSt
eddistortionorientationsinvestigated,cStatic-pressureprofilesinsidecompressor.-Normalizedfaceaveragestatic-pressureprofilesfromthefirst-stagestators(station2D)tothe13th-stagestators(station2R)areshowninfigure21.Onlytheodd-numberedstatorstagesinsidethecompressorarediscussed,butsimilarresultswere'obtainedfortheeven-numberedcompressorstatorstagesfortheorientationsinvestigated.Static-pressureprofilesareshownwhenthecombineddistortions:attheengineinletwere180"out-of-phaseor180°overlapped(figs.21(a)and(b)).The90°combineddistortionorientationsarenotshownastheprofileamplitudesfellbetweenthelevelsshowninfigures21(a)and21(b).Static-pressurevariationswhichoccurinthefirstandthirdcompressorstatorstageswhen180°out-of-phasecombinedpressureandtemperaturedistor-tionoccursattheengineinletarepresentedinfigure21_a-l).Itisob-servedthatthep-ofileshaveasinusoidalconfigurationandtheamplituderemainsconstantbetweenthefirstandthird-statorstages.Theextentoflowpressure(databelow1.0)remainsconstantbetweenthefirstandthird-stagestatorsasthepressuredistortionwavepassesthroughthecompressor.Thestatic-pressuredistortionoverthefirstthreestatorstagesis10.5percent.Examinationuftheprofilesinfigures21(a-2)and(a-3)showsthattheampli-tudeoftheprofilescontinuestodecTeasethroughthecompressorandap-proachesaflatprofileinthellthand13th-statorstages,whichindicatesalowlevelofstatic-pressuredistortion.ii1985001760-012 Superimposed(180"overlapped)pressureandtemperatuT:edistortionatthei,engineinletresultsinstatic-pressurevariat

20 ioninthefirstandthird-statorcompressorst
ioninthefirstandthird-statorcompressorstages,whichispresented_nfigure21(b-l).Theprofileamplitudebetweenthefirst-an_+h_r4-st_tr_'_tz_c_rc_inscon_t_,,Landisequalto10.2percentExaminationoffigure21(b-2)showsthattheprofi'oamplitudeatthefifth-sta_estatorsisequivelenttotheprofileamplitude9.nthelit'standthird-stagestators.Theprofileamplitudesattheseventhandninth-sta_estatorsaremarkedlyreduced,ano_tat!c-_ressuredistortion_evelsare8.7and4.8percent,respectively__heprofileamplitudesinthellthand13thstages(fig.21(b-3))arefurtherreducedandapproachedaflatprofile,,,whichindicatesthatthelevelofstatic-pressuredistortiontendstowardzero4inthelatterstagesofthecompressor'.Thereductioninprofileamplitudeforbothdistortionorientationspresentedinfigure"_z.showsthecharacter-isticofthecompressort_reducethelevelofstatic-pressur_distortion.Pressureandtemperatureprofilesatcompressorexii.-Normalizedtotal-pressure,tutal-temperature,andstatic-pressureprofilesatthecompressorexit(station3)areshowninfigure22.Theprofilesaretheresultof180°out-of--phasecombinedpressureandtemperaturedistortion(sgefig.22(a))o£180°overlappe4combinedpressureandtemperaturedistortion(seefig.22(b))imposedattheenglneinlet.The90°combineddistortionoverlapsarenotpresentedastheprofileamplitudesfellwithinthelevelspresentedinfigures22(a)and(b).Thetotnl-pres_ureandstatic-pressureprofiles6orthe180°out-of-phaseand].80°overlappedcombineddistortionorientationsareflat.Thisdemon-stratesthecharacteristicsofthecompressionsystemtoreducethetotal-andstatic-

21 pressuredistortionattheengineinletfron*I
pressuredistortionattheengineinletfron*I0percenttozeroatthecompressorexit.Thetotal-temperatuzeprofilesatstation5whichresultfrom180"out-of-phaseand180"overlappedcombinedengineinletpressureandLemperaturedistortionarepresentedinfigures22(a-2)and(t-2).Theshapeofthenormalizedtotal-temperatureprofilesatstation3issinusoidal,andtheextentofthetemperaturepuofilethatisabove1.0is174°infigure22(a-2)and165"infi)_ure22(b-2).Temperaturedataabove1.0atthecompressorexitindicatesthattemperaturedistortionhaspersistedthroughtheenginecompressionsystem.Thestation3temperatureprofileamplitudefor189°out-of-phasecom-binedengineinletpressureandtemperaturedistort!on(f_.22(a-2))iso_e-halftheleveloftheprofileatstation2(engineinlet,fig.15(a-2)).Thisistheresultoftheaboveaveragetemperatureriseassociatedwiththegreaterpre_;suceratiointhepressuredistortedsectorofthee1_8[ne.(%purepressuredistortionwillgenerateatemperaturedistortionatthecompressorexit.)Sincethetemperaturedistortionsectorhaslessthan_heaveragepre_;sureratio,thereisadecreaseintempet'atureratio;thatis,theam,)untoftemperaturedistortionwillthusdecFease.Thetemp(,t'atureprofileatstation3_hichzesultsft-om180°overlappeddistortionattheengineinlet(fig.22(b-2))hasanamplitudelevelwhichisapproximately2.3percentlargerthanthatatstation2.Itwouldbee:_ectedthat,inthecaseofthealigneddistortions,thetemperaturedistortionat%thecompressorexitwouldbegreaterthanthatattheengineinlet,inasmuchasthehigherpressurerati_intheheatedsectorwouldresultinhighertemperatureratios.121985

22 001760-013 The:_tal-t_eratuc6profilesats
001760-013 The:_tal-t_eratuc6profilesatst&tion3",averotatedinthedirectionofcompressorrotationfromtheircir=umferent__locationsatstatir,n2C.Acomparisonoffigures20(a-2)_nd22(a-2)_howsthatthetemperatureprofilerotated173°forthe180"out-or-phasedistortion.Similarly,acompaL'iuuzluffiEures20(c-2)and22(b-2)showsthatthet_mpecatureprofilerotated105°forthe]80_c,verlappeddistortion.TherelativeswirlanElebetweenthepressureandtem_ecaturedistortionsforthe180°opposeddistortionsislacEecthanforthe180°overlapped_istortions.Thisdiffgrenceinrelativeswirlanglecausesthetemperatureprofileassociatedwithoppc,sedpressureandtemperaturedistortiontorotate68°moreinthedicectio:lofcompcessocrotationthenthetemperatureprofileassociatedw'L,overlappedcombineddistortions.Adetaileddescriptionofflowswirl_spresentedinreference3.VariationsinCompression-SystemD{stortionTheamplificationor'attenuahionoftotal-rces_ce,total-temperature,andstatic-pres_mcedistortionsareshowninfi_uce23.Thesedisto_tlonamplitudesweregeneratedusinEmaximumandminimumtotal-pressureandtotal-temperaturerakeavecage_orstatic-pcessucetapvaluesalonewithface-averageconditionsateachinstrumentedenginestation.Maximumamplitudesareshownforopposedandoverlapped180°--extentcombinedp_essureandtemper-aturedistortionorientationsatstation2.Theamplitudesassociatedwiththe90°overlappeddistortionsarenotshownsincethesemaximull_amplitudes:fellwithinthosepresentedinfiEure23.Y*Thetotal-?--essuvedistortionincreasedforbothconfigurationsbetweentheenEineinletandthecompressorinle

23 t(f}E.23(a)).Total-pressure_is-toctionat
t(f}E.23(a)).Total-pressure_is-toctionatthecompressorinletwas12.2percentforoverlappeddistortionsand16.6percentforopposeddistortions.Thetotal-pressuredisto_tionatthecompressorexitwasequaltoarangefrom2.5to3.2percent.Thelowlevelofdistortionatthecompressorexit(station3)aEreeswiththeflahtotal-pressureprofilespzesentedinfiEures22(a-I)and(b-l).Thetotal-temperaturedistortionampl=tu3eprofilesareshowninfiEures23(b).Thetotal-temperaturedistortionamplitudecontinuestoincreasethrouEhthecompressio%systemfopthecaseofoverlappeddistortions.Theleveloftemperaturedistortionatthecompress,,rir'etandoutletis12.9and13.8percent,r_spectively.Theleveloftempet'atucedistortionamplitudeforthecaseofopposeddistortionsattheenEineinletincreasedto11.8percentatthecompressorinletanddecreasedto7.2percentatthecompressorexit.PiStatic-pressuredistortiondecreasedbetweentheenEineinletandfan,exitwhenstat_c-pressu_emeasuwementsatthefanhubwereusedtocalculatedistortionamplitudes(seefiE.23(c)).Theprofilesthen_ncreasedfromthefanexittostation2.7(compressorflowpassageupstreamofthecompressorinlet)duetocompressorpumpinEeffects.Thestatic-pressureprofileassociatedwilhoverlappedcombineddistortionattheenEineinletremainedanearlyconsta;_tI0percentfromstation2Cthcoughthefifth-staEestators(station2H).ThedistortionlevelthendecreasedthrouEhtheremainderofthecompressoutoalevelof2.6percentatthecompressorexit(station3).Thestatic-pressureprofileassoci,tc_withopposeddistortionattheenEine_nletshowss{milacresultsexceptthedistortionlevelatthecom

24 pressor{nletis9.7percent.Theflatstatic-p
pressor{nletis9.7percent.Theflatstatic-pressurepcofilesatstation3(fi_s.22(a-3)and(b-3))verifythelow-lsvelofdistortionatthecompressorexit.13i__.....,.-%.£_1985001760-014 StabilityLimitsTheeffectsofvariouscombinationsof180°-extentpressureandtem_era-_turedistortlonsthatresulte_incompressorstallwereexperimentallydet.er-mined.Theratedmechanicalfanspeedatsealevelconditionsis7005rpm:thisinvestigationwasconductedwithafanspeed(correctedfotheund_stcrted._'_sectorsatstationI)of90percentofratedandaRNIof0.5.References.=otheleftorrightsideoftheenginefacearebasedonlookingupstreamfromtheaftendoftheengine.Inthecalculationoftotal-pressuredistortionamplitudesatstation2theminim,_mandmaximumtotal-pressurerakeaverageswereused.Conversely,inthecalculationoftotal-temperaturedistortS.onamplitudesetstation2,amaximumtotal-temperaturerakeaveragewasusedinthedistortedsectorsandaminimumtotal-temperaturerakeaveragewasusedintheundistortedsectors.Theaveragetotal-pressureandtotal-temperaturelevelsrefertofaceaverageconditions.Opposedandsuperimposeddistortions.--Theeffectofvariousintensit_c=ofopposed(noo_rerlap)andsupe:imposed(180°overlap)combineddistortiononcompressorstallarepresentedinfigure24.Datapresen.edinthefigurewereobtainedth_?oughtheuseofthethree180°-extentscreensdescribedin_ableI.Theamountofpressuredistortionrequiredtostalltheenginecompressionsystemforvariouslevelsoftemperaturedistortionisshowninthefigure(shadedsymbols),whichisd..videdintofouz"distinctregions.Region1representstheorientationwherebothte

25 mperatureandpressuredis-tortionare180°ou
mperatureandpressuredis-tortionare180°out-of-phase.Region4representstheorientationwheretemperatureandpressuredistortionaresuperimposed.Region2isthespacialoppositeofregion4.Region3isthespacialoppositeofregionI.Thedashed].inesinfigure24representestimatedstalllinesusingsimpleparallelcompl:essortheory.Itshouldbenotedthatthecompressorhasvariableinletguidevanesfollowedbyfivevariahle-st_torstages,inorder'toaccuratelypredictcompressionsystemstalllines,c_f-designcompressor-stagemapsarerequi1:ed.Theseoff-designmapswerenutavailableforthisanalysis.Themaximumten_,eraturedistortion_nregion"thatresultedincompressorstallwasapproximately33percent.Inregion3,thespatialoppositeofregionI,themaximumtemperaturedistortionwasintherangeof18percent.Thedifferenceintemperaturedistortionlevelsisattributedtoatemperaturesensorinstalledinthefanductbytheenginemanufacturer.Thesensorislocatedatthe270°positionasviewedfromtheaftendoftheengine.Thesensorprovidestheenginefuelcontrolwithanairstreamtemperaturesignal•which,inturn,adjuststhefuelcontrolaccelerationanddecelerationsched-tiles.Highertemperaturesenteringthefanandcompressorinletfrom180°to360°causethesensortosendasignaltethefuelcontrolwhichadjuststheaccelerationanddecelerationschedulestohighe_levelsandpermitsengineoperationathighertemperaturelevelsbeforecompressorstalloccurs(regionI).Conversely,standardconditionsoftemperatureenteringthefanandcompressorinletfl:om180°to360°causethesensortosendasignaltothe:.fuelcontrol,whichlowerstheaccelerationanddecele'cation

26 schedulesand-_resultsinlowertemperaturel
schedulesand-_resultsinlowertemperaturelevelsatwhichcompressol_stalloccurs(region-3)._JIIntheabsenceofatemperaturesensortiedtotheenginefuelcontrol,[_thecorridorofstall-freeoperationwithtemperaturedistortionextendsfromPbJ#1985001760-015 Z33percent.Themaximumpressuredistortionrequiredtost,lltheengineiw_notdetez_inedinthesetests,butsimpleparallelcompressortheory_,."sindicatesthatitwouldbe20percent(y-axisinterceptinfig.24).Adetailed6iscussionofthee_erimentaleffectsofpressureandtemperaturedistertien_d_!y_e.lpredictionsbasedonamodelforturbojetandturbo-fanengineperformanceispresentedinreference18.Thecompressormodelofthatreferenzeshowsthatcorrectedspeedisthecriticaltemperaturesensitive[parameter.SUMMARYOFRESULTSAT_34high-bypass-ratloturbofanwastestedwithcombine_180°-extent=-inletp_essureandtemperaturedistortions.TheresultsoftheexperimentsEreasfollows:I.Yawanglevariationincreasedasairflowapproachedtheengineinlet.2.Yawanglevariationwaslargestinthehubregionoftheengineinletwhenpressureandtemperaturedistortionsare180"out-of-phase.3.Tipboundarylayeryawanglevariationatthefaninletwaslargestwhenpressureandtemperature.distortionsace180"out-of-phase.4.Static-pressuredistortionincreasedexponentiallybetweenthedis-tortionscreenandtheengineinletparallelingtheincreaseinflowangle.5.Total-pressurecircumferentialprofilesandtotal-temperaturecir-cumferentialprofilesremainedconstantalongtheinletductbetweenthedis-tortiondevices(screenorburner)andtheengineinlet.6.Normalizedtotal-pressurecircumferentialpro

27 filesvariedfromasquarewaveattheengineinl
filesvariedfromasquarewaveattheengineinlettoaflatprofil_atthecompressorexit."'7.Normalizedtotal-temperaturecircumferentialprofilesvariedfromasquarewaveattheengineinlettoasinusoidalprofileatthecompressorexit.'L8.Normalizedstatic-pressureclrcumferent:.alprofilesvariedfromasinusoidalprofileattheengineinlettoaflatprofileatthecompressorexit.9.Thehighestlevelofcompressorexittei_eraturedistortionoccurredwhencombined180°-extentpressureandtemperaturedistortionoverlapped(superimposeddistort_.ons)atthefaninlet.i0.Forallcombinedinletdistortionor[enl.ationsinvestigated,thelevelofstatic-pressuredistortioninsidethecompt'essorremainedaconstanti0percentthroughthefirstfivestages.Inther,mainderofthecompressor,thestatic-pressuredistortiondecreasedto3per'cent.Ii.Anengineinletstabilitymapshowsth_L';thelimitingtotal-pressuredistortionbasedonsimpleparallelcompressort,lmoryis20percent.Therangeoftotal-temperaturedistortionis18to33percent(basedoncombineddistortionorientationatthecompressorinlet).4151985001760-016 REFERENCESi1_I.Tesch,W.A.;andSteenken,_.G.:BladeRowDynamicDigitalCompression;!Program.VolumeII-J85CircumterentlalD1stortlonRedistributionModel,EffectofSt_torCharacteristics,andStageCharacteristicsSensitivityStudy.(R76AEG484,GeneralElectricCo.;NASAContractNAS3-18526).NASACR-134953,1978.2.Mazzawy,R.S.:MultipleSegmentParallelCompressorModelforCir-cumferentialFlowDistortion.J.Eng.Power,vol.99,no.2,Apr.1977,pp.288-296.D3.Mazzawy,R.S.;andBanks,G.A.:ModelingandAnalysisoftheTF30-P-3CompressorSystemw

28 ithInletPressureDistortion.(PWA-5302,Pra
ithInletPressureDistortion.(PWA-5302,Pratt&WhitneyAircraft;NASAContractNAS3-18535).NASACR-134996,1976.4.Mazzawy,R.S.;andBanks,G.A.:CircumferentialDistortionModelingoftheTF30-P-3CompressionSystem.(PWA-5448,Pratt&WhitneyAircraft;NASAContractNAS3-18535).NASACR-135124,1977.5.Braithwaite,W.M.;andSoeder,RonaldH.:CombinedPressureandTempera-tureDistortionEffectsonInternalFlowofaTurbofanEngine.AIAAPaper79-1309,June1979.6.Braithwaite,WillisM.:ExperimentalEvaluationofaTF30-P-3TurbofanEngineinanAltitudeFacility:EffectofSteady-StateTemperatureDis-tortion.NASATMX-2921,1973.7.Abdelwahab,Mahmood:EffectsofTemperatureTransientsatFanInletofaTurbofanEngine.NASATP-1031,1977.8.Soeder,RonaldH.;andBobula,GeorgeA.:EffectofSteady-StaheTempera-:tureDistortionandCombinedDistortiononInletFlowtoaTurbofanEngine.NASATM-79237,1979.9.Abdelwahab,Mahmood:EffectsofFanInletTemperatureDisturbancesontheStabilityofaTurbofanEngine.NASATM-82699,1981.I0.Braithwaite,WillisM.;Dicus,JohnH.;andMoss,JohnE.,Jr.:EvaluationofaTurbofanEngineofAirJetsasaSteady-StateInletFlowDistortionDevice.NASATMX-1955,1970.II.Evans,DavidG.;etal.:SomeComparisonsoftheFlowCharacteristic_ofaTurbofanCompressorSystemwithandwithoutI__etPressureDistortion.NASATMX-)1574,1974.12.deBogdan,ClaudeE.;etal.:Effectofa180°ExtentInletPressureDis-tortiononthe"ntez_alFlowConditionsofaTF30-P-3Engine.NASATMX.-3267,1975.L"_13.Soeder,RonaldH.;andBobula,GeorgeA.:EffectofSteady-StatePressureDistortiononFlowCharacteristicsEnteringaTurbofanEngine.NASAzTM-79134,I_79.'I1

29 6•iI,1985001760-017 14.Plourde,G.A.;andS
6•iI,1985001760-017 14.Plourde,G.A.;andStenning,A.H.:AttenuationofCircumferentialI_letDistortioninMultistageAxialCompressors.J.Aircr.,vol.5tno.3,May-June1968,pp.236-242.15.Dudzinski,T.J.;andKrause,L.N.:Flow-DirectionMeasurementwithFixed-PositionProbes.NASATMX-1904,1969.16.Glawe,GeorgeE.;Simmons,F_ederickS.;andStickney,TrumanM.:Radi-ationandRecoveryCorrectionsandTimeConstartsofSeveralChromel-AlumelThermocoupleProbesinHigh-Temperature,High-VelocityGasStreamF,NACATN-3766,1956.17.Soeder,RonaldH.;andBobula,GeorgeA.:EffectofSteady-StatePressureDistortiononInletFlowtoaHigh-BypassRatioTurbofanEngine.NASATM-82964,1982.18.Graber,EdwlnJ.,Jr.;andBraithwaite,WillisM.:StnmnaryofRecentInvestigationsofInletFlowDistortionEffectonEngineStability.NASATMX-71505,1973.¢171985001760-018 !TABLEI.-SCREENDESCRIPTION_'IWirediameterWidthofupenhL5D_v_b_,I.....r........Screen_,__,....aI_...._..........percent!d_stortion,b]cmIincminI(&PT/PT)2,Jpercent10.081/0.0320.2010.07949.4I10.02.104/.041.213.08454.8I12.73.183i.072.325.12859.0J14.3aAIIscreenswere180°inextent.b(PT,max-PT,min/2T,avz)at90?ercentfanspeed,0.5RNIundis-_tottedandnotemperaturediscortion.18L1985001760-019 FigureL-TF34engineinaltltudetestchamber.IP1985001760-020 i,.p,,/r_OFPOO_:¢_-,-...._'r-2.5\FrontLabyrinth,Rotating/f26'_bulkhead_sea/_/screenF22.47//F27F2C73)o^//_///."iFLI_//f,LIC'__,,.........LIB'_LTWOrowsof2DJ-2R//StationIstahctapsatHydrogeni550and2350burnerjO°i_0')70oO°O°I0°........-.-._,__o3_5;_°,/--"-_--__45o3,o°./,#"o,:_:_'_J__'_X2,04-_

30 ____,______}_,on,ont-.4-.,,oo_°°-!_�
____,______}_,on,ont-.4-.,,oo_°°-!_�_-_:,.:,7-'°°"r\_120°..,,,_o,_O°,_,%o,,__..:r',_,o-_,u200o180o180o20,..5/[75200o190l_StationIStationIB_)atlor2/:.__,__°on1_o530on@__(3_3°,,37oi°°,/,z'7°_45o__/53°3000,,o,....__.______.,o,,oo+,,o....,.....&#xo.00;....o19201800180020701800Station24Stations2.5.2.6and27Station2C35go34003550oO315°_'_'-_'_"_oxSteady-statetotal/_temperatureoSteady-statetotalpressure•77°uSteady-statestahc270o--90°pressure,_Yawpressureprobe,2580C\X_A2__&#xo.00;X/_I,Boun,rylayeryawStages}to5Iprobe_iBStagesOto13_oCStages1to13,,o_-_)_o,laOoII!Stations2Dto2RStation3Figure2.-InstrumentationlayoutforTF34turbofanengine.(Stationsviewedlookingupstream.Seesymbolsfordescripbonofstationlocations.)Pi1985001760-021 "ItOFl-C,..,,Figure4.-Gasecus-hydrogen-lueledburnerviewedinthedirectionofengineinlet.1985001760-022 ,?j':q-'OT'T"....OF_'(,'4'/-Rotating//screena.%emhlyStation2f-Stat;on2A'instrument///r-Station1Cplane-_/I\///_1Engine/_//IIIIinlet-/'1_..---4-'-.,.(,,LLIL_TWOaxialrowsofstaticpressuretaps;./"III.......eachrowcontains14pressuretaps-----_------------it------I°cat"dat55°and235°asviewed_,.II___J"upstream,ndinciockwisedirection_\\\,\'_"-_4--\Xi]\I//4-Fan•_"iX..-/"_II--1I-3I'--1I_1r-Ir-If-I_I"1_t"lr-ii'-irlIFigure5.-Inletductingassembly.Yawangteo(+13)-"dv___(OlrechonofUfanrotation)_:SectionA-A54cmTotalocn_Tippressureprobe--Mid,_panA•"tangleprobe/Bundleofthreestainlesssteeltubes,each'wbeisO.2_cm(0.093in.)o.d.byO.030cm(0.012in.)thickwallFigure6.-Station2yaw-anglemeasuie

31 mentrake.,,,1985001760-023 IIIIllIIIlll-
mentrake.,,,1985001760-023 IIIIllIIIlll---StainlesssteeltubesO,i02crn(0,04m,)bySechonC-CO.017cm(0.0065in.CCthickwaltSectionB-Bprobes7_-//J-_"-A-A_--+--\_--_!_/----+--/I,,BottomviewFigure7.-Tipboundarylayeryawprobeslocatedatstation2.I0Midspan.42.6percentofspanII-1Hub.17percentofspan0--$_'-Z---4IJCorrectedfanspeed.PNFR2,percentFigure&-FlowangleatstationIBversuscorrectedfaqspeedwithnopressureortem,)eratured_storhon(cleaninlet)1985001760-024 .41,",w,ORIGINALF"°",_,_'_'""OFPOORQUALI'_'Y!OTip,7_percentofspanFIMid,45oercentofspan,_Hub,]2percentofspan0-L)-.------_____O.-4--_,in)Free-streamyawangle._-DProbeatI.50cm10.60an.)fromductwallo_I:80gOI00Correctedfanspeed.PNFR2,pFrcent(b)Boundary-layeryawangle.rJgureg.-Flowangleatstation2versuscorrectedfanspeedwithnopressureandtemperaturedistortion(cleaninlet).1985001760-025 OFPOO}__.-...:..,_-\10L._Distortionregionfi_;_,,.(l:'):-"-IoIIII1I(a)Pressureandtemperaturedistortionoverlap.i0---0Midspan,42_6percentofspan.A.Hub,17percentofspan:.0_1IIIII-o-10N(hiPressurea,_dtemperaturedistortionare180°outofphase.""10--0t-toIILIlJ(c)Pressuredistortionprecedestemperaturedistortionbycoo./;T; !Fanrotaheni}_'0__".._......4,__-'_'"_':j"_'"4oII060]._[80240300_0Relatlveclrcurnterenhalposition,derj(d)uemperaturedistortionprecedespressuredistortionbyCOo.FKjure10.-Yaw_,_glevathtionatstation1Bwithcomb!n_total-pressureandtotal-temperaturedlstorhon.1985001760-026 40r_D_storhonregion.20_-\0lip,78percm,fofspan./:,I_._,_[]Mid,4Pperce'tofspan_z_Hub,12percentofspan-20-4

32 oIIII1_1(a)Pressureand;am)eraturedistort
oIIII1_1(a)Pressureand;am)eraturedistortionoverlap.40--l,,200-20-4oII_1[IJ(b)Pressureandtem_Praturedistortionare]80°outofphase�-2O-20_40I11III(c)2ressured_slortionprecedestpmperatmedistortionby90°.20'--_-20--dJ__lIJ1....IIi0oOI20180240300_0,_Relahwcircumlerenhalposlbon,de9(d)Tem2erafuredistorh3nprecedespressuredlstorhonby_oIFigure11.-Free-streamyawanglevariationatfaninlet(stahon2)withcombinedtot,',-pressureandtotal-temperaturedistortion).1985001760-027 0Pressur,dlstorh,Jnand('_it,%}fen2.eraturedlstor"'_k..LJ1800out-oFphase-:Pressured)sto"tponprecede_[f]i'"/tem#eratureoistorhonb,_o,,_1:3PressureandtemperatdreI'-!,."'..distortionoverlap(,,.j_)DTem,3eraturedistortion°°precedespre%ure8_-_distortionbyO0°•.,_Fanrotation-20E-4cg-8IIJIIJ60120180240300_0Rel,_twec_rcumferenhalposdmn,d_hgure12-Boundarylayerhpyawanglevariationatstahon2forcombinedtotal-pressureandtotal-temperatur_d_storhonh':/"T-OPressuredlstorhononlyL_fempera*,edlstorhononly_!)rP[]Combinerd_storhonPressured_storh,_nregmn|Tem;,eraluredistortionregion29--o_;_o-29.aII_1_.....£JI"-06012t)180240300360Relativecircumferentialposnbon,deqFigure13.-Hubyawanglevarlahonatstation2for10percen_to_al-pressure,9percenttotal-temperature,and10pprcs,_[combineddistortions.-'-"i]98500]760-028 •_d-__,t_,'ORIGINALP:'"::'_'",!OFPOORQUAL;T'/;!Staticp:_ssurEdifferentialatstation2Ae__Ps,2A'0Pressuredlstoruonand(._kPa(.')sfltem,_eratuledistortionk,...L/']52(0.51}180_outofphaseo°/kPressuredistortionprecede_,L"-L_temperaturedistortionbyT_,i3,

33 45C:50)90o1.'3_CPressureandtem;_erature\
45C:50)90o1.'3_CPressureandtem;_erature\o;storhonoverlap_].24(.47)%-%__DTenoeraturedistortion°°•__plecedespressure@3.17L4618--a__,d,_tortlonby90°-__.0--Engine_::_lq-_--_,met"',__3[]Q[__"_.g._N"Stahon=ScreenC_2A21CIB__!.....l_J__tiIitk.....LL___I.2.2.4.O81.0[Z1.4Normah:eddistancefromengine',nlet,x/rm.2Figure14.-Effectoftotal-pressureandtotal-temperaturedistorf,_,norientationonstatlc-pressuredlstorhonalonginlet-ductwall.Seeequahon(3)..,)1985001760-029 ORIG!VALi"'OF!POOR(_,"{'"'°0"0r-Vtv-t.T-,4LO0----stahon_o___&tt6_6_m6Poo2_.9olainIILk[j_c-l_IIIIII.lAA0IBI1.00_-A--AA2•Staticpressurei,lO_--station!xlC(tip)e5___O2(tip)___,g._,.®F_"_____o°_°_.o__o_o_o_,_u_,%o_o_o_o_oI•90_-_[____1lIII___J{c-3_jlI1lIJlalPressured_storhonandtemperatureO_qrhon180oout-of-phase.(c)Pressuredlstorhonandtemperaturedistorhonc'verlap._._[]_•9o__J___I___1IId-2_I11.1I_JII0--0_b_IX.__c"_OE_(b(b--!______%eht_ro_on_g_10_o{x_Lx°r"[xOo0O_xOix{x0uc_000_-3_Il____iii]_lkl1/60120I_240300360060l._180240300360Relativeclrcumferenhalposition,degiWFressured_stortionp,-.,cedestemperaturedistortionby90°.(allP:essured_s[ortionlagstemperaturedistortionby90°.Figure1.5.-Circumfe'enhalvariationoftotal-pressure,total-tempor,_ureandstatic-pressureprofilesalongthevnletduct(station2).1985001760-030 ORIGINALP,L.::_;"3OFPOORQUALI'T'Y0o0Pressuredtstortionandtemgeraturedistortion_L7180out-of-phaseooAPressuredlstorhonprecedestemperaturedistortionby90o0Pressureandtemperature°°dlstortionoverlapDTemperaturedistortionprecedes/_..1.05--pressu

34 redistortionby900_Distort'onN_"__region_
redistortionby900_Distort'onN_"__region_Y_/_::.®-a'____BFan__._rotatlo,n._I1IIII060120180240300360RelahvecircumferentlaJposibon,degFigure].6.-Clrcumferentlalvariahonofstation2hubstaticpressureprofiles,T1985001760-031 •i:1i•'"";_7CIrCUFFI-tOFPOORqu.-_._,,,:•ferenhaIIposition,deg°I.I0----077Distortionregion,__0257ic&.@@x"-._(a-l)IIIIlt=-t_ILIII_J,_.oooz_o__o__d_i,•9oca-2_IIIIII((c-21I.I___IIII1.lO--ix,249(bp)13249(hub)OOO£ooaaaa8&_aaa£__a-_,IIIll____I_-___'IIIi_I____J.90(a)Pressuredmstortmnandtemperatur_distortmn180°out-of-phase,(c)Pressuredistortionandtemperaturedistortionoverlap•$8e88a&t.mF-_8@8/geo._o._l[I1If_1I1III2-_.ooo_o_d_•_).....IIIII[(d-2)IIIIIJ1.10--D1.00__3a(3O[3Fanrotatmonm-),II.L_1I_1Id-3'1I1_21I60120180240_00_060120180240300360Relativecircumferentialposition,degIb)Pressuredistortionprecedestemperaturedistortionby90°.(d)Temperaturedistortmnprecedespressuredistortionby90°.¢Fighre17.-Circumferentialvariationoftolal-pressure,total-temperatureandstaticpressureprofilesatstation2.4.1985001760-032 IJI.I0-_TipOFPOORQUALITY--Hub1.00--_13a"._IiIJII(a)Pressuredistortionandtemperaturedistortion1800out-of-phase.I.I0--I.OO--__(___.,_tIIIIJ(b)PressuredistortionprecedestemperaturedistortionbygO°.1"10F1.oo____Iai.9o......IIi(c)Pressu,_,,,stortionandtemperaturedistorhonoverlap.1"10fl_l.O0d_13(__'_Fanrotat,on_L06012018024L_300360Relahvecircurr,ferenhalposition,deg(d)Temperaturedistortionprecedespressuredistortionby90°.Figure18.-Circumferentialvanatmnofstaticpressureprofilesatstati

35 on25.Circunferenhalposition,225°.Tip1.05
on25.Circunferenhalposition,225°.Tip1.050HubLoo_)a(a)Station26.1.O0_d___)Fa2,rota_mnI_060120180240300360Relativecircumferentialposition,deg(b)Station27.Figure19.-Circumferentialvariationofstaticpressureprofilesat_.stations2.6and21.Circumferentialposition,225°.),1985001760-033 ....:qlClrcum-rMcD_N_O_,_Li"l'_'ferential'_,JI...."position,de901291.10[---__4Distortlonreolonjl__[_[__'___/[_[_[_E_){_)[]335"___,_._.°°Fq_._I.I1I1J:_-:_I_1IIII•9ota-2_1III[JIc-2_I11II]1.10----t,,225,tip(h225,hub_1.00--I_&._o,a-_1II-IIItc-_l1i1lII_a)Pressuredistortionandtemperaturedistortion_80°out-of-phase.(c)Pressuredistortionandtem,)eraturedistortionoverlap._Loo-•_(_-._J__iILIIJ-:)_I1I1.l__J/'_,,,°2_/o'_oo_Loo•___ILIIj_d-_2)III1I]1.i0--a_aaaaaaC:.oo---___&__&Fanrotatio,_(b4).IIIIIIL_4__!L_IIIIII.900601201802dO300360060120180240300_60Relativecircumferenualposition,deg(b)Pressured;stortionprecedestemperaturedistorhonby90°,(d)Temperaturedistortionprecedespressuredistortionby90°,ngurcZ0.-Circumferentialvariationoftotal-pressure,totaltemperature,andstatic-pressureprofilesatstationZC.""1985001760-034 .Mator¢*-_tionCircum-,,.';stageferentialtI0_.,_,......position..,,_OFPOORQL;.",_degOFirst2D3541•i0...._Tt-,,,d2F01.oo-_c9%_c_c9q_--E3oo__c_q_"_oo__Rs[]•90am____A___I_][lJ(b-IA_1]L__}__IZ_Frith2H21.10----OSeventh2J74,-r,.Ninth2L80._,-_IAI.L__II�_m__L___3__11£____JL10--E3llth2N79C}13th2R78Fanrctahon•9o_-_L__I1II1I(_-3]jj_iI16012016024030035060120180240300360kelativecircumferenhalposition,deg(a)Pressuredi

36 stortionandtemperaturedistortionareoppos
stortionandtemperaturedistortionareopposed.(b)Pressuredistortlonandtemperaturedistortionoverlap.Figure21.-C_rcumferenhalvariationofstatic-pressureprofilesatthefirststagestatorsto13thstagestatorsinsidethecompressor(station2Dtostation2R).Cilcum-ferentialposition.l.10Fdeg_[]NO.90D[IlIII_IIIIIJ1.10--Distortionregion___,_xIo225Ioo^lA&-a(a-_IIIIIJ_-___![lIi[J/..1.10--I_1_0(:3315Fanrotation•._(a-_1IIII__.__ll_-3_I__1III__1,50120180240300300O0]20180240300360Relativecircumferentialposdion,deg!(a)Pressuredistortionandtemperaturedistortion180oout-of-phase.(b)Pressuredistortion]ndtemperaturedistortionoverlap•Figure22.-Circumferentialvariationoftotal-pressure,total-temperature,andstatic-pressureprofilesats_ation3.1985001760-035 2--.//-_Fanandcore2-_//__--.,.._-----0002.42C322.42C3(a)Totalpressure.(b)Totaltemperature.2--CombJn_i_distortions'="_0OverlappedIo__J__L__I_IIII_IITTTT2,4252.62.72C202F2H2J2L_2R3Stationlocation(c)Staticpressure.Figure23.-Effectofdistortionorientationontotal-pressure,total-temperature,andstahc-pressure(hub)distortionvariationthroughengine.Screenblockage,percent049.4/x54.8StallhneQ59.0EstimatedstallhneusingsimpleOpensymbolsdenotenonstallsteadystateparallelcomplessorSolidsymbolsdenotestalltheory0o0o--_io/"--]Region32_----_-10..........J-20-I0010203040Temperaturedistortionamplitude,[(TT,left"IT,right)lIT,avg]2C'percer,tFigure24.-Distortionsensitivityatcompressorinlet(station2C)forlltO°-extentoverlappedandopposedtotal-pressureandtotal-temperaturedistortion.1985001760-