NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER NPD Defined as excessive preoccupation with power prestige and vanity Unable to see the damage done to themselves and others Exaggerated feelings of self importance ID: 777296
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Slide1
HOW ILLNESS IN WORLD LEADERS HAS AFFECTED HISTORY
.
Slide2NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER (NPD).
Defined as excessive preoccupation with power, prestige and vanity.
Unable to see the damage done to themselves and others.
Exaggerated feelings of self importance.
Sense of entitlement.
Lack of empathy.
Affects 1% of the population and formerly known
as megalomania.
Slide3THE ONLY WAY TO DEAL WITH A PERSON WITH TYPE A NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER IS AVOIDANCE.
Slide4WORLD LEADERS WITH NPD.
Mao
Tse
Tung.
Stalin.
Hitler.
Napoleon.
Slide5DEMENTIA.
Dementia is a set of symptoms including memory loss, difficulty with thinking, judgement,
language and or problem solving,
and is progressive.
Common causes of dementia are
Alzheimers
disease, and a series of strokes.
Slide6World leaders with Dementia.
Woodrow Wilson in his second term.
Paul Van Hindenburg.
Ramsay MacDonald.
Winston Churchill after 1951.
Harold Wilson in his final office as
prime minister.
Ronald Reagan in his late second term.
Slide7HUBRIS SYNDROME.
Power in world leaders can become intoxicating and affect their action and decision making.
The Greeks called it hubris syndrome
They took comfort in the knowledge that the Gods would punish the guilty ones (nemesis).
Slide8WORLD LEADERS WITH HUBRIS SYNDROME OR TENDENCY.
FDR (hubristic tendency).
LLOYD GEORGE (hubris syndrome).
GEORGE W BUSH (hubristic tendency).
TONY BLAIR (hubris syndrome).
MARGARET THATCHER (hubris syndrome).
Slide9BIPOLAR DISORDER.
Originally called manic depressive psychosis.
A mental disorder characterised by periods of elevated mood (hypomania) and periods of depression.
A more minor variant is known as
cyclothymic
personality disorder.
Slide10WORLD LEADERS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER.
Teddy
Roosevelt.
Abraham Lincoln.
LBJ.
Winston Churchill.
Slide11WORLD LEADERS WITH HISTORY OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE OR ABUSE.
Herbert Asquith (“
squiffy
”).
Winston Churchill.
Richard Nixon.
George W Bush.
Ulysses S. GrantBoris Yeltsin
Also George Brown, John Smith, Joseph McCarthy, Franklin Pierce.
Slide12Slide13ABRAHAM LINCOLN 1809 to 1865.
He suffered with depression. He used to say “when I am alone I dare not carry a penknife”. He may also have had episodes of hypomania so maybe the correct diagnosis would be bipolar disorder (formerly manic depressive psychosis).
He was shot behind the left ear on April 14
th
1865, by James Wiles Booth, (his guard had gone over the road for a drink). The wound was
unsurvivable
and he immediately lost consciousness and died nine hours later.
It was 5 days after Robert E lee signed surrender terms.
Slide14Slide15GROVER CLEVELAND 1837 to 1908.
He was the only president to serve two non consecutive terms as president, 1885 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897.
In 1893 he complained of soreness of the roof of his mouth.
He was sat upright in a chair attached to the mast of the yacht Oneida in New York Harbour, and given a general anaesthetic by a dentist with anaesthetic experience (a brave man indeed). Part of his upper jaw and hard palate were removed; this took less than an hour. The surgeon must have been very skilful (or foolhardy), and when the story leaked to the press it was strenuously denied.
He was given a dental prosthesis after, enabling him to talk properly, and without a change in appearance.
It was a
verrucous
carcinoma with a low potential for metastasis.
Slide16Slide17JAMES GARFIELD 1831 TO 1881.
James Garfield became 20
th
president on March 4
th
1881.
On July 2
nd 1881 he was shot by Charles Guiteau at the Baltimore and Potomac train station in Washington DC. One bullet grazed his shoulder and the second entered his back at L1, missing the spine, and coming to rest behind the pancreas.
Doctors probed the entry wound with dirty fingers and unsterilised instruments, looking for the bullet. He died of sepsis on September 19
th 1881.
Slide18Slide19WILLIAM MCKINLEY 1843 TO 1901.
6 months into his second term as 25
th
president of USA on 6
th
September 1901
Mckinley
was shot in Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolosz.The first bullet grazed McKinley but the second bullet entered his abdomen and was never found.He was taken to a nearby hospital and was operated on by a gynaecologist who had no experience of abdominal wounds. The operating theatre was makeshift with no abdominal retractors and inadequate lighting.
The wound was not adequately cleaned, and Mckinley was nearly 60 and overweight. He died of sepsis on September 14
th 1901.Autopsy showed the bullet had passed through his stomach, transverse colon, and left kidney. It also showed he was suffering from cardiomyopathy.
Slide20Slide21KING EDWARD V11th
On June 24
th
1902 King Edward Seventh had an
appendicectomy
at Buckingham Palace.
He was 59 years old, obese, bearded, a smoker, and with obstructive sleep apnoea.
The anaesthetist was Sir Frederick Hewitt and the surgeon Sir Frederick Treves, both being knighted before the operation. The story is that before the operation the surgeon was given lunch at the palace and the anaesthetist had to go off and find himself a sandwich, “plus ca change , plus c’est
la meme chose”.Ether anaesthesia was administered and the King “turned purple”. Dr Hewitt grasped his beard and relieved the obstruction. The operation was a success.
Slide22Slide23THEODORE ROOSEVELT 1858 TO 1919.
Teddy Roosevelt was 26
th
president from 1901 to 1909. He suffered with bipolar-1 disorder and asthma. He undertook body building exercises and became a “magnificent specimen of manhood”. He was a man of phenomenal energy.
On October 14
th
1912 campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin he was shot in the chest. The bullet was slowed down by passing through his steel eye glass case and a 50 page copy of his speech in his breast pocket. Since he was not coughing blood he correctly concluded that it was not serious (the bullet had lodged in his chest wall) and despite the
bloodtained
shirt continued with a 90 minute speech. The bullet was never removed.
Slide24Slide25VLADIMIR ULYANOV (LENIN) 1870 to 1924.
He assumed power in the October (Julian calendar) revolution of 1917, and remained as leader during the Russian Civil War 1917 to 1922.
On 30
th
August 1918 he was shot twice by Fanny Kaplan, one bullet passing through his neck and puncturing part of his left lung, and stopping near his right collar bone, and the other bullet lodging in his left shoulder.
Slide26He never fully regained his health.
The mental strains of leading a revolution, and fighting a civil war, working 16 hours daily and his physical debilitation consequent to the wounds (one of the bullets was removed in 1922), led to a series of strokes. The first stroke was in May 1922, the second in December 1922 causing a right
hemiplegia
, and the third in March 1923 which ended his career.
He died on 24
th
January 1924, aged 53.
There are also reports that he had neurosyphilis
.
Slide27On hearing of Lenin’s death Churchill commented,
“Russia’s greatest misfortune was Lenin’s birth, their second greatest misfortune was his early death”.
His incapacity made him unable to prevent the rise of Stalin.
Slide28Slide29WOODROW WILSON 1856 TO 1924.
Woodrow Wilson was a severe hypertensive before he became the 28
th
president in 1913. He had neurological incidents as a result of high blood pressure from 1889 onwards, and retinal artery changes were noted as early as 1906.
He was president for two terms (1913 to 1921) during a crucial period in world history, and in his second term had a series of small
lacunar
strokes producing
progressive dementia.
On 8th January 1918 he enunciated to Congress his 14 points, the basis for a peace programme, and which led to the November 11th 1918 armistice.
Slide30In 1919 he attended the Paris Peace Conference which took place from 18
th
January 1919 to 28
th
June 1919 when the Treaty of Versailles was signed.
During this time his mental faculties were impaired due to
cerebrovascular
disease secondary to his hypertension. Had he been fit it is possible that a treaty less penal to Germany would have been signed.In the last week of September 1919 he suffered a progressive cerebral artery thrombosis to the right hemisphere of his brain (a stroke). He developed complete paralysis of the left side of his body, slurring of his speech and visual defect.
Slide31His physician Cary Grayson, and his wife lied about his condition.
He continued as a seriously incapacitated president for a further 16 months (his wife Edith was spoken of as America’s first woman President).
During this time the crucial negotiations leading to the establishment of the League of Nations were taking place (America never joined, had they done so WW2 may have been avoided).
Slide32He should have been succeeded by his vice president (Thomas Marshall).
In 1967 his complex case became a motivation for the passage of the 25
th
amendment to the constitution of the United States, providing a way of dealing with just such a situation.
Slide33Slide34IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI (STALIN) 1879 TO 1953.
Leader of Soviet Union from 1923 to 1953.
Narcissistic personality disorder with paranoia.
Responsible for between 20 and 40 million unnatural deaths in The Collectivisation programme 1928 to 1940, The
Holodomor
in the Ukraine 1932 to 1933, The Great Terror 1937 to 1938, The Purges, and The Gulag Archipelago.
In addition an estimated 27 million Soviet troops and civilians died during The Great Patriotic War 1941 to 1945.
Slide35Slide36CALVIN COOLIDGE 1872 TO 1933
“Silent Cal” became the 30
th
president in 1923 when Warren Harding suddenly died. He was
reelected
in 1924. He was a man of few words.
“A wise old owl sat on an oak, The more he saw the less he spoke, The less he spoke the more he heard, Why can’t we be like that old bird”.
He had amazed everybody by marrying a vivacious schoolteacher Grace.
Slide37His ideal day was one in which nothing whatever happens.
He used to sleep for up to 11 hours a day.
One Sunday on returning from church Grace asked him what the sermon was about.
“Sin
” he replied. “Well what did the minister say about it” she asked. “He was against it” he replied.
Retrospectively he has been diagnosed as having a major depressive illness whilst in office.
Slide38Slide39RAMSAY MACDONALD 1866 TO 1937.
He led a Labour government in 1924, in 1929 to 1931, and a coalition government from 1931 to 1935.
He suffered with depression and later on in his prime
ministership
began to develop
Alzheimers
disease.
This was at a critical time in history during the rise of Hitler which was not dealt with satisfactorily.
Slide40Slide41FDR 1882 to 1945.
FDR was arguably the most influential political leader of the 20
th
century.
He contracted polio age 39 at a scout jamboree in NY State and became symptomatic at the family estate on Campobello Island, New Brunswick.
He was paralysed in both legs from the hips down, and confined to a wheelchair.
Slide42Of 35,000 photographs taken of him since contracting polio only 2 show him in the wheelchair.
In the early stages of his presidency, which lasted from 1933 to his death in 1945, his health appeared excellent.
In May 1941 he was diagnosed as having raised blood pressure and an iron deficiency anaemia and had two blood transfusions.
Slide43During the period 1942 to 1944 his health deteriorated.
His personal doctor was Admiral Ross McIntyre, an ENT surgeon!, who largely failed to recognise FDR’s deterioration.
Eventually on 28
th
March 1944 Dr Howard
Bruenn
, a naval cardiologist, made the first proper medical examination of FDR for 11 years at the insistence of FDR’s daughter Anna.
Slide44Bruenn
found severe hypertension, a large heart and left ventricular failure, and said off the record that the presidents condition was “god awful”.
McIntyre was not ready to accept
Bruenn’s
findings and only agreed to FDR receiving digitalis after
Bruenn
had bravely said that otherwise he would have nothing more to do with the case.
Bruenn also instituted a low salt diet and a weight loss programme.
Slide45Bruenn
stated confidentially that it was impossible for FDR to run for a fourth term.
In August 1944 FDR developed angina due to coronary artery disease and his blood pressure was 240/130.
FDR ran for a fourth term, but showed insight into his health problems by naming the “extraordinary ordinary man” Harry S Truman as his running mate.
Slide46In February 1945, shortly after being sworn in for a fourth term, FDR travelled by ship and plane to Yalta and back for the meeting with Churchill and Stalin.
Here the future of Eastern Europe was decided.
It is still highly contentious how important an issue FRD’s health was to the settlement.
Slide47Towards the end of the conference FDR developed
pulsus
alternans
.
Churchill’s doctor Sir Charles Wilson (Lord Moran) could hardly fail to notice FDR’s condition and only gave him a short time to live.
FDR died of a cerebral
haemmorhage on 12th April 1945 in Warm Springs Virginia, he was 63 years old.
Slide48On March 21
st
1947 Congress passes the 22
nd
amendment to the Constitution of The United States of America, limiting any individual to a maximum of two terms as president.
FDR is the only president to serve more than
two terms.
Slide49Slide50ADOLF HITLER 1889 TO 1945.
Hitler suffered with narcissistic personality disorder.
He was addicted to amphetamines.
The origins of his disastrous (for the world) accession to power were
multifactorial
, but the increasing dementia of octogenarian president Paul Von Hindenburg, hero of the battle of
Tannenburg
in WW1, was paramount. Thus the world suffered the catastrophic WW2.
Slide51Slide52FAMOUS QUOTES BY HARRY TRUMAN.
I fired him (McArthur) because he wouldn’t respect the authority of the president. I didn’t fire him because he was a dumb son of a bitch, although he was, but
thats
not against the law for Generals. If it was half to
threequarters
of them would be in jail.
The buck stops here.
If you can’t stand the heat get out of the kitchen.
Slide53Comment to reporters after becoming president on the death of FDR. “Boys, if you ever pray, pray for me now. I don’t know whether you fellows ever had a load of hay fall on you, but when they told me yesterday what had happened , I felt like the moon, the stars and all the planets had fallen on me”.
Letter to Paul Hume of Time magazine, “I have read your lousy review of Margaret’s concert and I’ve come to the conclusion that you are an eight ulcer man on a four ulcer job.....Some day I hope to meet you. When that happens you’ll need a new nose, a lot of beefsteak for black eyes and perhaps a
supporter below”.
Slide54Slide55MAO TSE-TUNG 1893 TO 1976
Mao seized power in 1949.
The Great Leap Forward 1958 to 1963 led to mass famines unprecedented in history, particularly from 1959 to 1961.
The Cultural Revolution was from 1966 to 1976.
It is estimated that Mao was responsible for up to 80 million unnatural deaths, eclipsing Stalin and Hitler.
Mao was a man in a hurry. Knowing his mortality he wanted to get the changes he wanted made in China done in his lifetime, with no consideration for others.
Mao was a heavy smoker and drinker all his life, and overweight, and in later life was beset by heart and breathing problems.
He had narcissistic personality disorder.
Slide56Slide57WINSTON CHURCHILL 1874 to 1964.
Churchill was prime minister from 1940 to 1945 and 1951 to 1955.
He was a moderate to heavy drinker and smoker.
He suffered with bipolar disorder and would avoid edges of platforms in case he jumped impulsively into the path of
a train.
In 1931 forgetting that in the USA they drive on the right he was hit by a taxi in New York City.
Slide58His hypomania together with his powers or oratory enabled Britain to stay in the war during the dark days of 1940. Probably a saner prime minister like Halifax would have given in
To Churchill America and FDR were the key to survival, and Churchill had the advantage of an American mother.
Churchill’s sinking of the French Fleet at
Mers
el
Kebir
in July 1940 made Roosevelt realise that Britain wasn’t going to surrender, and he agreed to
lendlease
which before the sinkings he had refused.Churchill’s great fear was the U boat sinking of British shipping starving Britain into submission. Lendlease
, the convoy system, Bletchley Park and Pearl Harbour saved Britain.
Slide59In December 1941 shortly after Pearl Harbour (which gave him his first decent nights sleep since becoming prime minister because he knew Britain was safe) he probably had a heart attack in the White House.
He had a severe stroke in June 1953 which affected his speech and walking ability. Anthony Eden the heir apparent was sick after his gall bladder operation in April 1953. The public were told Churchill was suffering from exhaustion.
He had a mild stroke in December 1956, and a severe stroke in January 1965 from which he subsequently died.
Slide60Slide61George V1th Pneumonectomy, 23/9/51,
Buckingham Palace.
Clement Thomas was the surgeon and Robert
Machray
the anaesthetist assisted by Cyril
Scurr
who had to attach a wire between the oscilloscope (below) and a cold water tap. He survived the operation but died 5 months later.
Slide62Slide63ANTHONY EDEN
Until 12
th
April 1953 he had lived a charmed life, then his luck ran out.
Unlike two of his brothers he survived WW1.
He was charming and handsome and much admired by the ladies.
He had a hat named after him.
He had been a successful foreign secretary
Slide64On 12
th
April 1953 60yo surgeon Basil Hume performed gall bladder surgery on Eden.
He was Eden’s choice, against other advice, because he had previously removed Eden’s appendix successfully.
Hume was not an expert at
biliary
surgery and had to delay the operation for an hour while he composed himself.
The three hour operation was a disaster, Eden’s common bile duct was damaged and his health permanently ruined.
Slide65He underwent many subsequent operations, 3 in the USA.
He was on a combination of amphetamines and barbiturates often, including during Suez.
During the Suez crisis of 1956 he had a fever of 106 Fahrenheit due to
cholangitis
. This probably affected his judgement.
Slide66Slide67DWIGHT EISENHOWER 1890 to 1969.
Eisenhower served two terms as president from 1952 to 1960.
On September 24
th
1955 he developed severe chest pain at 2.30 in the morning. His doctor Major General Howard Snyder correctly diagnosed a heart attack and gave the president morphine, a coronary dilator and an anticoagulant, but in order to avoid public alarm took the enormous risk of not admitting him to hospital for 12 hours.
Eisenhower also had a stroke in November 1957 from which he recovered.
Being a VIP is dangerous to
your health.
Slide68Slide69JFK.
He suffered with Addison’s disease, hypothyroidism and chronic severe low back pain.
He was on many medications including steroids and amphetamines.
On 17
th
April there was the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion.
The Cuban Missile Crisis was from 14
th to 28th October 1962.
Slide70Slide71VASIL ARKHIPOV 27th OCTOBER 1962.
The Soviet diesel powered submarine B59 which unbeknown to the Americans carried a nuclear torpedo, was detected in the quarantine area (international waters), during the Cuban Missile crisis.
The
gungho
US Admiral Anderson, who had fallen out with US secretary of defence Robert
MacNamara
, ordered depth grenades to be dropped to force it to the surface.
The submarine was out of touch with Moscow
The captain Valentin Savitsky believing war may have started wanted to launch the nuclear torpedo.
Slide7227th OCTOBER 1962.
According to protocol 3 officers had to agree in order to launch.
They were Captain
Savitsky
, the political officer
Semonovich
Maslennikov and a third officer Vasil
Arkhipov.Maslennikov agreed with Savitsky. Arkhipov
who was only 36 and under enormous pressure said no and explained his reasoning and prevailed.The submarine surfaced and possibly, maybe probably, thermonuclear war was averted. In 2002 former US defence secretary Robert McNamara said we came very close to nuclear war.
Slide73Slide74LEONID BREZHNEV.
For the last 10 years of his life Brezhnev, who was a heavy smoker and drinker, suffered every disease known to man. In the last years of his life the Soviet Union was governed by Andrei Gromyko, foreign secretary; Dmitry Ustinov, defence secretary; Mikhail
Suslov
, chief ideologist; and Yuri Andropov, KGB chief. Indeed these four took the crucial and disastrous decision to invade Afghanistan on Christmas Eve 1979, took no minutes of the decision, and presented a document for Brezhnev to sign to authorise it.
Slide75THE YOUNG BRITISH SOLDIER, 1895, RUDYARD KIPLING.
(DO WE NEVER LEARN).
When you’re wounded and lying on Afghanistan’s plains,
And the women come out to cut up what remains,
Jest roll to your rifle and blow out your
brains,
An’ go to your Gawd
like a soldier, So-oldier of the Queen.
Slide76Slide77YURI ANDROPOV.
Andropov became general secretary on 12
th
November 1982.
In February 1983 age 68 he suffered total renal failure, requiring dialysis.
He spent the remaining year of his life in the Central Clinical Hospital west of Moscow.
March 8
th 1983 Reagan’s “evil empire” speech.September 1
st 1983 KAL 007 shot down.September 26th 1983 Petrov saves the world.
November 2nd_12th 1983 exercise Able Archer.
Slide78Slide79On September 26th
1983
Petrov
was (civilian fortunately) duty officer at the nuclear early warning command centre near Moscow, when the system (which was in its early stages after being opened and for which
Petrov
was aware there had been teething problems) reported a missile being launched from the USA. Contrary to protocol
Petrov
did nothing.Later the system reported 4 more missiles being launched. Again contrary to instructions Petrov did nothing.
It was later determined that they were false alarms caused by a rare alignment of sunlight on high altitude clouds and a satellite orbit.Fortunately Andropov, who was perceived as being trigger happy and was terminally ill, was never notified.In January 2006 Petrov
was personally honoured at the United Nations in New York City.STANISLAV PETROV, THE MAN WHO SAVED THE WORLD BY DOING NOTHING.
Slide80Slide81KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO.
He was general secretary from 13
TH
February 1984 to 10
th
March 1985.
He was a heavy smoker and drinker.
He suffered with emphysema, right heart failure and cirrhosis of the liver. He died age 73.
Slide82Slide83RONALD REAGAN 1981 to 1989.
He was shot on March 30
th
1981 by John
Hinkley
. He was close to death on arrival at George Washington University Hospital.
The bullet entered his left lung which collapsed and he lost over 3 litres of blood.
He was stabilised in the emergency room with a chest drain and blood transfusion.He then had a
thoracotomy and his life was saved.It was many months until he recovered his health, In his second term he had a right hemicolectomy
for a villous adenoma and developed early Alzheimers.
Slide84In February 1987 White House chief of staff Donald Regan was forced to resign over the Iran Contra controversy.
He was replaced by Howard Baker who found a badly demoralized White House staff over Ronald Reagan’s lack of attention to the duties of the presidency.
All he wanted to do was watch movies and television at the residence.
Baker considered applying section 4 of the 25
th
amendment, but after interviewing the president decided against that course
of action.
Slide85Slide86VLADIMIR PUTIN.
He was born in Leningrad in 1952.
His parents were both 41 when he was born and were survivors of the 872 day siege of Leningrad, in which there were up to 2 million deaths and in which in all of history is unequalled in terms of the resistance and refusal to surrender of the Russian people.
Both his elder brothers died.
He had a very difficult upbringing in conditions of hardship unimaginable to westerners.
NPD often has roots in childhood where family life is marked by trauma and emotional chaos.
This may account for his narcissistic personality disorder and bullying personality.
Slide87Slide88HILARY CLINTON.
Hilary Clinton had a life threatening cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following a fall while secretary of state. It was the second time she had had a CVST.
She is probably
thrombophilic
and probably on
warfarin
or
rivaroxaban.Should she run for the presidency?
Slide89MATERIAL FOR THIS PRESENTATION HAS BEEN COLLATED FROM THE INTERNET AND FROM
“WHEN ILLNESS STRIKES WORLD LEADERS” BY JERROLD M. POST, M.D. AND ROBERT S. ROBINS.
“IN SICKNESS AND IN POWER” BY DAVID OWEN M.B.B.S.
“THE IMPACT OF ILLNESS ON WORLD LEADERS” BY BERT EDWARD PARK
, M.D.