2 systems of voting : - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

2 systems of voting : Plurality and Proportional representation systems

BY

: Destiny

Cook,

Jordan BurkeSlide2

Plurality consists of four types of voting:

Single

-member district plurality voting

At-large voting Two-round runoff voting instant runoff voting Slide3

Plurality/major systems This is the system most used among the United States legislation and what most people think of when they hear the word Voting.

The way it works is the winner doesn't need a majority of the votes to win just the biggest percentage in comparison to the other candidates. Slide4

Single -member District Plurality voting Rather than a single person getting a vote the voting occurs in grouped blocks of people get the one vote that a single person gets elsewhere. Slide5

Single type Math example

Ex: 100 people are voting for prom Queen there are 3 candidates to vote for. 27 people voted for candidate 1. 36 people voted for candidate 2 and 37 voted for candidate 3. The vote was split more then two ways so its highly unlikely any candidate could get the majority of the vote. Candidate three had a lot less then the majority voting for him but he still won because he got the biggest amount of votes. Slide6

2) At Large Voting Each person gets his or her own vote.

The candidates must have at least a 5 to 15 percent majority in order to win or there will be a second round of voting.

The candidates who got the least percentage of voting will be eliminated after the first round in order for the second round to be a proper round. Slide7

3) Two-Round Runoff Voting

Each person gets his or her own vote. The candidates must have at least a 5 to 15 percent majority in order to win or there will be a second round of voting. The candidates who got the least percentage of voting will be eliminated after the first round in order for the second round to be a proper round.Slide8

Two-Round Runoff voting mathematic example

Candidate 1 gets 2 percent of the vote; candidate 2 gets 33 percent of the vote; candidate 3 gets 25 percent; candidate 4 gets 19 percent; and candidate 5 gets 21 percent of the vote. This would be an example of how two-round runoff voting comes in handy. None of the candidates got enough of the vote to legitimately become president so another round must be had. In the second round candidate one will be

botted

and the voting will happen again hopefully this time ending with a candidate with more than the majority. Slide9

4) Instant Runoff Voting With instant runoff voting the voter ranks the candidates in the order they would chose them for the position.

the voters first choice is their initial vote but if no one gets the majority of the votes then the system eliminates the lowest voted candidate and relies on the lists that people made.

this process keeps repeating until one person has the majority of the vote. Slide10

Instant Runoff Voting Example

With instant runoff voting the voter ranks the candidates in the order they would chose them for the position. the voter's first choice is their initial vote but if no one gets the majority of the vote then the system eliminates the lowest voted candidate and relies on the lists that people made. this process keeps repeating until one person has the majority of the vote.Slide11

The 2nd system of voting we will be looking at includes:

~Party list

~Mixed member proportional ~Single Transferable vote Slide12

Proportional representation voting systems

Proportional

representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received

.For example if 40% of voters support a particular party then about 40% of seats will be won by that partySlide13

Party List Party list voting is a system where there is

a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected through preferentially-ranked allocations to an electoral list.Slide14

Mixed member proportional

Mixed Member Proportional or MMP In most models the voter casts two

votes. One for a constituency representative and one for a party. If a candidate is on the party list, but wins a constituency seat, they do not receive two seats; they are instead crossed off the party list and replaced with the next candidate down.Slide15

mixed member proportional mathematic example

MMP is similar to other forms of proportional representation in that the overall total of party members in the elected body is intended to mirror the overall proportion of votes received; it differs by including a set of members elected by geographic constituency who are deducted from the party totals so as to maintain overall proportionality.Slide16

Single transferable vote

is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through preferential voting Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or unused votes are transferred according to the voter's stated preferencesSlide17

Single transferable vote

Single Transferable Vote video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yV9buU8_bw

In an STV election, a candidate requires a certain minimum number of votes (quota, threshold) to be elected. A number of different quotas can be used, the

most common is the Droop

quota and the given formula is:

Votes needed to win = [(votes cast/seats to fill + 1)] + 1

When

the quota is not an integer it is rounded

down.

The Droop quota is an extension of requiring a 50% + 1 majority in single winner elections. For example, at most 3 people can have 25% + 1 in 3 winner elections, 9 can have 10% + 1 in 9 winner elections,

etc.Slide18

Citations http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/types.htm

http://

www.instantrunoff.com/ Slide19

THE END…and

that’s wh

at math has to do with voting