BIO-FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

BIO-FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES

Tadeusz

Majewski

Department of Industrial and Mechanical EngineeringSlide2

Every year end-of life vehicles in the Community generate between 8 and 9 million

tonnes

of waste, which must be managed correctly.

DERICITIVE 2000/53/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILon end-of life vehicles

This Directive should cover vehicles and end-of live vehicles, including their components and materials, as well as spare and replacement parts, without prejudice to safe standards, air emission and noise control.

12. The recycling of all plastics from end-of life vehicles should be continuously improved. The Commission is currently examining the environmental impacts of PVC. The Commission will, on the basis of this work, make proposals as appropriate as to the use of PVC including considerations for vehicles. Slide3

The legislation provides for the creation of collection schemes where consumers return their used e-waste free of charge.

The objective of these schemes is to increase the recycling and/or re-use of such products.

It also requires heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and

hexavalent

chromium and flame retardants such as

polybrominated

biphenyls (PBB) or

polybrominated

diphenyl

ethers (PBDE) to be substituted by safer alternatives.Slide4

Article 7 - 2000L0053-EN-01.07.2005

Reuse and recovery

2(a) no later than 1 January 2006, for all end-of life vehicles, the reuse and recovery shall be increased to a minimum of 85 % by an average weight per vehicle and year. Within the same time limit the reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of 80 % by an average weight per vehicle and year;

for vehicles produced before 1 January 1980, Member States may lay down lower targets, but not lower than 75 % for reuse and recovery and not lower than 70 % for reuse and recycling.

2(b) no later than 1 January 2015, for all end-of life vehicles, the reuse and recovery shall be increased to a minimum of 95 % by an average weight per vehicle and year. Within the same time limit, the re-use and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of 85 % by an average weight per vehicle and year. Slide5

Publications Wood and Natural Fibre Composites

(1996 – 20

10

altogether > 60 publications)*650 citations till 2010 (only in 2009: 121 citations, IF 16,818) Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibers Progress in Polymer Science 24 (1999) 2, 221- 274,

A.K. Bledzki, J.

Gassan

*263 citations till 2010 (IF 1,187)

Properties and modification methods for vegetable fibers for natural fiber compositesJournal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996) 1329-1336A.K. Bledzki, S. Reihmane, J. Gassan*143 citations till 2010 (IF 1,951)The influence of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical propertiesof jute-polypropylene-compositesComposites 28 A (1997) 1001-1005J. Gassan, A.K. Bledzki

Universität Kassel

Institut für Werkstofftechnik Kunststoff- und Recyclingtechnik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andrzej K. Bledzki [kutech@gmx.de]Slide6

Raw materials as cellulose fibers (

abaca, jute, hemp, sisal,

kenaf

, cotton),

soft or hard wood

fibers are widely used in an industry.

They have very interesting field of applications because of their promising properties.

These materials need further investigation to improve their properties and increase their applications. Some of their drawbacks can be improved in further research. The parts from the composite materials are produced by injection moulding or extrusion.

Automotive industry is interested in new materials, because according to new regulations cars should be partially decomposable or recyclable.Slide7

Domestic application of WPCSlide8

Automotive applications

Mercedes-Benz Class S with environmental certificate

Components made from different bio fibre reinforced composites Slide9

Under floor protection trim of Mercedes A class made from banana fibre reinforced composites (Source: DaimlerChrysler Awarded for Banana Fibre Use in Mercedes A Class

http://www.netcomposites.com/news.asp?2888

)

Automotive interior components made from wood fibre reinforced composites (Source:

Bledzki et al., Cars from Bio-

Fibres

, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2006, 291, 449-457)Slide10

Automotive instrumental panel with integrated airbag flap made from bio-fibre reinforced composites (Source:

Bledzki et al., Cars from Bio-

Fibres

, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2006, 291, 449-457)

Front side

Back side with air bag sheetSlide11

PROPERTIES OF PARTS MADE OF WPC:

Small weight,

Small use of energy during production,

Good

mechanical

properties

,

Good

acoustic isolation,

Renewable materials.

Nomenclature

WPC- Woof Fiber Composite

PP575 –

Polypropylen

PAN –

Polyacrylnitril

PET -

Polyethylenterephthalat

W - Softwood

Cordenka

– Man made cellulose fiber

%wt –percentage weight of fiber

Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) is widely used in automotive and domestic industry. With addition of natural fibers the composite materials obtain better properties, they are cheaper and friendly for the environment.

Cellulose fibers

-

abaca, jute, hemp, sisal,

kenaf

, cotton, soft or hard wood fibers

The parts from the composite materials are produced by injection

moulding

or extrusion.

Natural fibers, thanks to their lightweight, the strength and the low cost may replace artificial/mineral (glass or coal) fillers in many parts.Slide12

Wood fibre mat with resin

Compression

molding

in a tempered

mold

,

demolding

Substrate ready forcovering processMat compression moulding:: Fibrowood (Johnson Controls)Slide13

Bast

Fibres with Thermosetting Binder

Mat compression moulding:NF-EP

Process steps

In-Line covering of NF-mat with Epoxy Resin

NF-mat is pressed in the final shape in a Hot pressing tool Part is cut in its final shapeNatural fibremat

Sliding of the

EP resin

Mat with resin

Substrate

Compression molding

Drying

Deflector

Mixing pipe

Cutting Slide14

Bast

Fibres with Thermosetting Binder

Carrier

Carrier vacuum covered

with Foam-Foil

Complete Door Panel Slide15

Functional safeguard

Under-floor cover A-Class

economy

ecology

technology

Exterior Applications: 1st Exterior Natural Fibre Application

A-Class Under-floor (DaimlerChrysler/

Rieter

)Slide16

ExtrusionSlide17

WPC

ProfilesSlide18

Mechanical properties

Laboratory scale testing device for measuring ESlide19

Elastic modulus for WPC and its changing with temperature

Elastic modulus for different specimens

WPC- Woof Fiber Composite

PP575 –

Polypropylen

PAN –

Polyacrylnitril

PET -

Polyethylenterephthalat

W - Softwood

Cordenka

– Man made cellulose fiber

%wt –percentage weight of fiberSlide20

Comparison E from different methods

First bar – tension,

second bar – bending,

third bar – DMA (

Dynamic Measurement Analyzer )

fourth bar –testing device

WPC- Woof Fiber Composite

PAN –

Polyacrylnitril

The difference between the results obtained from my laboratory scale testing device for the same type of material were no greater than 5 % Slide21

Shear modulus - G

Testing device

1

2

3

4

My testing device:

The relative error of the storage modulus about 5%Slide22

Laboratory stands for measuring the shear modulus GSlide23

Development of

Bioplastics

MarketSlide24
Slide25

Thank you for your attention

Agradecemos su participación y asistencia

Danke schön

Tadeusz

Majewski

, UDLAP

Foro de Innovación 2011INNOVATIONFORUM11Slide26
Slide27

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

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te gusta esto. DeshacerFormato de archivo: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Vista rápidaadopted by the European Parliament and the Council on 18 September 2000, also ... The reuse, recovery and recycling of end-of-life vehicles is encouraged ... are allowed to transpose some of its soft-law provisions by means of agreements ...

The

directive of

European

Parliament and of the Council of

18 September 2000

7 organized