History Originated in Europe and North Africa Widespread in North America Hawthorn haw hedge thorn hedge thorny hedge In old England trees were used as a barrier to keep peasants from entering private land ID: 303950
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Slide1
Hawthorn LeafSlide2
History
Originated in Europe and North Africa
Widespread in North America.
“Hawthorn”
“haw” = "hedge.”"thorn" + “hedge” = "thorny hedge.”In old England trees were used as a barrier to keep peasants from entering private land.Now it is used by farmers to mark land. Slide3
Chinese Culture
Hawthorn lead is known in Chinese as “Tang-Ben-Co
Dates back to 659 A.D
Hawthorn leaf used for heart health, mild
laxitive, and aid in stomach ailments. Slide4
Natives Americans
Used in a variety of ways including treatment of: diarrhea, dysentery, diuretic, and wound healing.
Natives chewed the leaves and and put it on open wounds to help heal it. Slide5
Modern Day Use/Dosage
Scientific studies did not being in the U.S until the 1960’s.
German physicians prescribe Hawthorn for
tx
of diminished heart performance, angina, & recovery from a heart attack.Prescribe hawthorns in many forms such as extracts, dietary supplements, & teasTake 160 mg day in two dosesSlide6
Celtic Tradition
Hawthorn tree represented a Goddess
& Symbolized fertility and abundance
Inhabited by fairies and spirits.
Flower blossoms were used for decorationTied into cloth or ribbon onto the branches to honor spiritsSlide7
Description
Deciduous shrub or small tree
Height up to 10 meters & 18-20 feet in width.
Found in
moist, open places, forests edgesalong shorelines, steam banks, roadsidescoastal bluffs at low to mid elevation.Can live up to 400 years.
Fruit
usually
red
or
orange
in
color.
Some
are
black
,
dark blue
, or yellow. Slide8
Description
1,000 different species & hybrids, but the 2 most common:
Crataegus
laevigataCrataegus monogyna
Can be used interchangeably
Have similar chemical characteristicsSlide9
Crataegus
monogynaSlide10
Fruit
FlowerSlide11
LeavesSlide12
Crataegus
laevigata
Slide13
Fruit
FlowerSlide14
LeavesSlide15
Medical Claims
Hawthorn contains substances that may benefit the heart.
F
lavonoids
dilate blood vesselsimprove blood flowprotect the blood vessels from damage.Protect against heart disease
Reduce
b.p
. & cholesterol.Slide16
Research—Heart Failure
In 952
patients after 2 years in those taking 900 mg/day of Hawthorn extract
symptoms improved
Were able to exercise for longer periodsAs effective as low doses of certain heart medications (captopril).Slide17
Research—Angina
60 people with chest pain given the following for 3 weeks:
180 mg/day of hawthorn extract
Or
PlaceboThe group with the extract
experienced
improved blood flow to the heart
Were able to exercise for longer periods of time
w/o having chest painsSlide18
Research—High Blood Pressure
Study for diabetics with HTN (Took prescribed medications) were given the following medications for 16 weeks:
1,200 mg/day of Hawthorn extract
Or
PlaceboThose taking extract had lower b.p
.Slide19
Nutrition Facts—flavonoid glycosides
Flavonols
quercitin
,
hyperoside, kaempferolFlavones
vitexin
,
apigenin
,
luteloin
oligomeric
procyanidins
epicatechin
,
catechin
proanthocyanidins
.
cyanogenetic
, phenolic, saponin and triterpenoid glycosides,Various aminescarboxylic acid,condensed tanninsPhlobapheneSugarsSlide20
Effectiveness
May be safe for mild forms of heart failure
Studies and
results are conflicting
.Not recommended forChildren or women who are pregnancy or breastfeedingN
ot
enough scientific evidence to determine whether hawthorn works for other heart problems
.Slide21
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
Beta-blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Phenylephrinereduce effectivenessMedications for male sexual dysfunctionblood pressure dropping too low.
Nitrates
may enhance drug (dizziness or lightheadedness)Slide22
Side effects
Nausea
D
izziness
VertigoHeadachesMigrainesHeart palpitations.Slide23
Hawthorn leaves and its uses have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The supplementation is sold in various forms including a pill form, droplets and in leaves as a whole. They are usually sold where herbal supplements are sold as well as on Amazon in the range of about $10 into about the hundreds of dollars. Slide24
Storage of Hawthorn leaves should be in a cool closed container away from light or it could deteriorate overtime and lose nutritional value
Studies show that Hawthorn leaves contain antioxidants.
However, even though Hawthorn leaves have shown to reduce blood pressure, it is not yet know by how much and how effective it is in certain doses. Blood pressure in some studies have even shown to increase blood pressure instead of lowering it like expected. In some patients, it may have no effect at all. Slide25
In addition to the mentioned side effects, Hawthorn has also shown to cause anxiety in patients. If anxiety occurs, it is recommended to cease usage
It also may improve the production and strength of collagen found in joints. This will prevent the damage caused to joints from inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Hawthorn also has anti-inflammatory effects which may help to counteract the swelling of arthritis.Slide26
Conclusion
The coined “heart healer” is known to live up to its name in certain circumstances. But because it affects everyone differently, even though many studies have shown improvement for heart related diseases with use of Hawthorn, it should not be taken with any other medications and physicians should be consulted. No evidence regarding Hawthorn leaves is concrete. Slide27
References
University of Maryland Medical Center
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/hawthorn-000256.htm
Natural History Museum
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/british-natural-history/urban-tree-survey/identify-trees/tree-factsheets/f-to-j/hawthorn/index.htmlOhio Public Library
http://www.oplin.org/tree/fact%20pages/hawthorne/hawthorne.html
Todd Caldecott
http://www.toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs/360-hawthorn
Northern Rockies Natural History Guide
http://
nhguide.dbs.umt.edu
/
index.php?c
=
plants&m
=
desc&id
=158Slide28
Photo Credits
Crataegus monogyna
von
Jacquin
1775 (Family Rosaceae) http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Crataegus.monogyna.html
Crataegus
laevigata
[
oxyacantha
]
(
Poiret
1789) de Candolle 1825 (Family
Rosaceae
)
http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Crataegus.laevigata.html