PPT-© Michael Lacewing The

ontological argument Michael Lacewing enquiriesalevelphilosophycouk Anselms argument God is a being greater than which cannot be conceived If you could think of something that is greater than God surely this something would . Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Eliminative materialism. Eliminative . materialism: the way we commonly think and talk about the mind is. fundamentally flawed. Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. On doubt and certainty. The foundations of knowledge: avoid believing anything that is not certain and indubitable. Method of doubt: Question beliefs to know how one can know they are true. If not certain, set it aside.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. God and time. God is self-. sufficient.. Therefore, God is dependent . on nothing else for . existence.. Therefore, nothing can end God’s existence.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Utilitarianism. A. ct . utilitarianism:. . an action is right if it . maximises. happiness, and wrong if it does not. . I. f . telling a lie creates more happiness than telling the truth (or keeping silent), then telling a lie is morally right. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. Cognitivism v. non-cognitivism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. Aim to describe how the world is. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing . Indirect realism. We . perceive physical objects which are . mind-independent.. But . we do so via, or in virtue of, . perceiving . mind-dependent . Michael Lacewing. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Deontology. Morality is a matter of duty.. Whether something is right or wrong doesn’t depend on its consequences. Actions are right or wrong in themselves.. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Metaethics. What is morality, philosophical speaking?. Can ethical claims be objectively true or false?. Are moral properties part of reality?. Cognitivism: moral judgments, e.g. ‘Murder is wrong’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Idealism. Idealism: everything that exists is a mind or dependent on a . mind. Berkeley: . to . be is to be perceived (or to perceive): . esse est percipi . enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Substance and properties. A substance is an entity, a thing, that does not depend on another entity for its continued existence. . It has ‘ontological independence’. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Eudaimonia and morality. ‘What is the good for human beings?’ . What is it that we are aiming at?. What would provide a successful, fulfilling, good life?. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. (c) Michael Lacewing. N. on. -. cognitivism and anti-realism. What are we doing when we. make moral judgments?. Non. -cognitivism: moral judgments. Do not aim to describe the world. enquiries@alevelphilosophy.co.uk. © Michael Lacewing. Is pleasure good?. Aristotle: . pleasure is good, and. . eudaimonia . involves pleasure. Obj. : . The temperate person avoids pleasure.. Not . true..