PPT-Multiprocessors

CS 6410 Ashik Ratnani Cornell University Need for Faster Processors End of Moores Law Unable to improve the processing speed of Uniprocessors Flynns Classification of Multiple processor machines. 1 Multiprocessor System Interconnects Generalized Multiprocessor System Generalized Multiprocessor System Each processor Pi is attached to its own local memory and private cache Multiple processors connected to shared memory through interprocessor me 1 Multiprocessors 82 Multicomputers 83 Distributed systems Multiprocessor Systems Continuous need for faster computers shared memory model message passing multiprocessor wide area distributed system Multiprocessors Definition A computer system in wh e a circuit Pumps packet bits nonstop to destination No intermediate buffer Requires setup and teardown time Multicomputer Network Interface Interface boards usually contain buffer for packets Needs to control flow onto interconnection network when s which in turn requires a good understanding of the observable processor behaviour that can be relied on Unfortunately this critical hardwaresoftware interface is not at all clear for several current multiprocessors In this paper we characterise the 142 brPage 2br Taxonomy SISD single instruction and sing le data stream uniprocessor MISD no commercial multiprocessor imagine data going through a pipeline of execution engines SIMD vector architectures lower flexibility MIMD most multiprocessors to 00189162981000 1998 IEEE 28 Computer Multiprocessors Should Support Simple Memory Consistency Models n the future many computers will contain multiple processors in part because the marginal cost of adding a few additional processors is so low that CMP: 2 or 4 cores, 3.2GHz ROB size: 128 Fetch/Exec/Retire/Commit width: 4 / 7 / 5 / 3 Branch predictor: G-share, 64KB, 4K BTB Branch misprediction penalty: 10 cycles Processor side prefetcher: Stride
\n \r\r !\r"$#%&(')*+!,-!%.%"%/01325476d981U Thread Level Parallelism. Chapter 4, Appendix H. CS448. 2. The Greed for Speed. Two general approaches to making computers faster. Faster uniprocessor. All the techniques we’ve been looking at so far, plus others…. Introduction. Multiprocessing.  is the use of two or more . central processing units.  (CPUs) within a single . computer . system. . The . term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them. ReallyWorth. It?. Christopher J. . Kennay. , Jonathan L. . Hermany. , . Bj¨orn. B. . Brandenburgy. , Alex F. . Millsz. , and James H. . Andersony. Departments of Computer . Sciencey. and Statistics and Operations . . Multiprocessors. Interconnection. . Structures. Interprocessor. . Arbitration. Interprocessor Communication and. . Synchronization. Cache. . Coherence. Shared. . multiprocessors. Characteristics . 10/15/2009. Data Center Arms Race. System Area Network. SAN. SAN. Virtual Interface . Architure. VIA. U-Net: A User-Level Network Interface for Parallel and Distributed Computing. Thorsten von . Eicken. Introduction. Multiprocessing.  is the use of two or more . central processing units.  (CPUs) within a single . computer . system. . The . term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them.