PPT-Polypeptide Synthesis

Making Proteins DNA controls the cell by directing the manufacture of proteins Proteins are macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids Amino acids are held together by chemical bonds called . NH2:Amino End (N-terminus)COOH:Carboxyl End (C-terminus)Typical polypeptide:100 - 1,000Old:3 letter symbol(Gly, Val, Leu, Trp)New:1 letter symbol(G, V, L, W)Primary:AA Sequence (GVLSWTH etc)Secondary: P. art . 3. Proteins. Proteins!. Functions of Proteins. Structural . support. Storage. Transport. Cellular . communications. Movement. Defense . against foreign . substances. Proteins. Monomer: amino acids. 2. : Molecular Biology. 2.4 Proteins. Learning objectives. U: amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides. U: There . are 20 different amino acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes.. α-helical polypeptides . Polypeptides are . biomedically. important polymers due to their minimal cytotoxicity, proteolytic degradability and the capability to adopt secondary structures reminiscent of naturally occurring . (endoplasmic reticulum). Dr. Mamoun Ahram. Faculty of Medicine. Second year, Second semester, 2014-2014. Principles of Genetics and Molecular Biology. An overview. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs (. Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis. The Genetic Code. The first step in decoding genetic messages is transcribing DNA into RNA. The RNA contains the code for making a protein. Proteins are made by joining together amino acids into long chains called . Learning Objectives. Identify. . the genetic code and explain how it is read.. Summarize. . the process of translation.. Describe. . the . central dogma of molecular biology.. The Genetic Code. RNA has four bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. These bases form a . Discuss with your group.. Be prepared to share your answers. . The Hardest Part. The synthesis section is the hardest part of the exam. It is worth . 47. % . of the entire exam!. 17 % -- multiple choice. ILLUSTRATED . REVIEWS . BIOCHEMISTRY. . CHAPTER 2. . . . OVERVIEW. Twenty amino acids commonly found in proteins are joined together by peptide bonds.. The liner sequence of the linked amino acids contains the information necessary to generate a protein molecule with a unique three-dimensional shape.. Strategies for organizationClimactic orderarranges the most important/persuasive evidence last since this is what is remembered Problem/solutionestablishes the problem in the introduction then offers Cytokines despite being nonspecific immunity it regulate the intensity and duration of the inflammatory/immune response.. Most cytokines are single polypeptide chains, may be aggregate as a homotrimer e.g. IL-12, IL-23. Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA. ).. DNA unzips to open the codes that need to be make certain proteins.. Biochemistry . (BCH . 303). 2022-2023. Dr. Mansour . Gatasheh. Biochemistry Department, Science College. King Saud . University. Proteins . are made up of . large numbers of amino . acids . linked . Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.. Albert Einstein. . one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. Many enzymes are composed of more than one polypeptide chain, or subunit (that is, they have a quaternary structure). In this case, each polypeptide chain is specified by its own separate gene. Thus, it is more correct to speak of a one-gene, one-polypeptide relationship: The function of a gene is to control the production of a single, specific polypeptide..