Punnett Squares Day 2 Complex Patterns of Inheritance - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Punnett Squares Day 2

Complex Patterns of InheritanceSlide2

BELL RINGER 5 MIN

Two

parents

areheterozygous for agiven trait. Whatpercentage of theoffspring of the twoparents will behomozygous for thesame trait?

Have homework out and ready to turn

in

Write today’s learning

target

Answer

this question to the right.

  

HINT: Use a

punnett

square!Slide3

BELL RINGER 5 MIN

T

t

T

t

TT

T

t

T

t

tt

Two

parents

areheterozygous for agiven trait. Whatpercentage of theoffspring of the twoparents will behomozygous forthe same trait?

25%Slide4

Agenda

Bell Ringer (5 Min)

Introduction (5 Min)

Notebook Input (20 Min)Notebook Output (5 Min)The Ms. Wynn Show (30 Min) Independent Practice (15 Min)Exit Ticket (10 Min)Slide5

What Happened Here?Slide6

What Happened Here?Slide7

What Happened Here?Slide8

What Happened Here? Slide9

What Happened Here?Slide10

Notebook Input

Today you write everything that is

underlined

.The title of your notes is:Complex Patterns of Inheritance Slide11

Simple Dominance

One trait is always dominant over the other, so there are only two choices:

Tall OR short

Pink OR whiteRound OR ovalBUT, some genes are more complex….Slide12

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Review: Predicting Traits

Punnett

squares

are charts that show possible gene combinations and the probability of each combination occurring.Slide13

Review: Simple Dominance Example

SpongeBob is known for his big round eyes (R), which are dominant over an oval eye shape (r). If he is heterozygous for his round eye shape and marries a homozygous recessive woman, what are the expected phenotype percentages of his kids?Slide14

Let’s put this into action!

Step 1: List the genotypes of the parents:

Heterozygous eyes: ____

Homozygous recessive eyes: ____RrrrSlide15

Step 2: Make a Punnett Square

Heterozygous eyes:

Rr

Homozygous recessive:

rr

R

r

r

r

Rr

RrrrrrSlide16

Step 3: Answer the question

What are the expected phenotype percentages of his kids?

50% round (

Rr)50% oval (rr)Slide17

Complex Genetics CasesSlide18

Incomplete dominance

Phenotype of heterozygote is a

blending of traitTwo capital letters are used since neither is dominant over the otherSlide19

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Incomplete dominance

Incomplete dominance

– offspring show a blending of traits from parent to parent.

Neither allele is completely dominant over the other.Slide20

Incomplete dominance

Example:

C

RCR = redCWCW = whiteCRCW = pinkSlide21

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21

Incomplete DominanceSlide22

Incomplete Dominance

A red flower and pink flower are crossed. What are the resulting offspring phenotypes and percentages?

Step 1: List the genotypes of the parents

Red flower: _______Pink flower: _______CRCR

C

R

C

WSlide23

Incomplete Dominance Example

Step 2: Make a Punnett square

C

R

C

R

C

R

CW

CRCRCRCR

CRCW

CRCWSlide24

Incomplete Dominance Example

Step 3: Answer the question

What are the resulting offspring phenotypes and percentages?

C

R

C

R

C

RCW

CRCRCRCR

CRCW

CRCW50% red50% pinkSlide25

Co-dominance

Co- = _________

BOTH

alleles are expressed, (no blending) in the heterozygoteTwo capital letters are used since neither is dominant over the other

x

togetherSlide26

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Co-dominance

Co-dominance

does not

involve blending.Slide27

Co-dominance

Example:

F

BFB = black feathersFBFW = black AND white feathersFWFW = white feathers

xSlide28

Co-dominance Example

A black rooster and a black-and-white chicken mate. What are the resulting percentages of each possible phenotype?

Step 1: List the genotypes of the parents

Black rooster: _______Black-and-white chicken: _______FBFB

F

B

F

WSlide29

Co-Dominance Example

Step 2: Make a Punnett square

A black rooster and a black-and-white chicken mate. What are the resulting percentages of each possible phenotype?

F

B

F

B

F

BFW

FBFB

FBFBFBFWFBFWSlide30

Co-Dominance Example

Step 3: Answer the question: What are the resulting percentages of each possible phenotype?

F

B

F

B

F

B

FW

FBFB

FBFBFBFWFBFW50% black

50% black-and-whiteSlide31

Multiple Alleles

Definition:

More than 2 alleles are available for a certain gene

Example: Hair color (blonde, black, brown, red,…)Slide32

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Multiple alleles

Even if more than two alleles exist in a population, any given individual can have no more than two of them: one from the mother and one from the father.

In Labrador retriever, coat color is determined by one gene with four different alleles. Five different colors result from the combinations of these alleles. Slide33

Multiple Allele Example

Example: The gene for color of pigeon wings has

three

possible alleles: ash red, blue, and brown.Slide34

Multiple Allele Example

In humans, there are

3

possible alleles for blood type:AlleleCodes for

I

A

Type A blood

(make “A” carbohydrates)

I

B

Type B blood(make “B” carbohydrates)

i

Type O blood (make neither carbohydrate)Slide35

Multiple Allele Example

Genotype

Phenotype

I

A

I

A

Type A blood

I

Ai

Type A blood

IBIB

Type B bloodIBi

Type B blood

IAIBType AB blood

ii

Type O bloodSlide36
Slide37

Multiple Allele Example

A mother with blood type A and father with blood type B take home their baby. They later discover that their child has type O blood. Did the hospital make a mistake?

Step 1: List the genotypes of the parents

Mother, blood type A: _________Father, blood type B: _________IAIA, IAi

I

B

I

B

, IBiSlide38

Multiple Allele Example

A mother with blood type A and father with blood type B take home their baby. They later discover that their child has type O blood. Did the hospital make a mistake?

I

A

i

I

B

i

I

AIB

IBi

IAi

iiSlide39

Multiple Allele Example

I

A

i

I

B

i

I

A

IB

IBi

IAi

iiStep 3: Did the hospital make a mistake?25% chance of type O bloodSlide40

Incomplete dominance or Codominance

??

The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate from the parent’s phenotype.

Two checkered (black and white) chicken are crossed. They produce offspring with three phenotypes: black, white, and checkered.A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. All of the offspring are pink.A cross between a purebred animal with red hairs and a purebred animal with white hairs produces and animal that has both red hairs and white hairs.Slide41

Notebook Output 5 MIN

People are historically

discriminated based on skin color. How

could science educate people to think twice about their prejudices? Slide42

The Ms. WYNN show

Who is

NOT

the father?Slide43

Before the show begins, answer the following question:

A mother has type O blood and a father has type AB blood. What are the possible phenotypes of their children?Slide44

50% type A blood (all

I

A

i)50% type B blood (all IBi)Slide45

Please, work together with your groups.

Based on the information in the following slides, which man/men could be the father of the baby. Justify your answer using a Punnett Square.Slide46

Case #1Slide47

The Mother – Type A BloodSlide48

The Baby – Type B BloodSlide49

Before we look at the possible fathers, what are

the mother and

baby’s genotypes?Slide50

Mother (Type A

):

I

AIA or IAiBaby (Type B): IBIB or IBiSlide51

Possible Father #1: Sammy the Player.

Type O BloodSlide52

Possible Father #2: Billy the businessman.

Type AB BloodSlide53

Possible Father #3: The Waiter.

Type A BloodSlide54

Possible Father #4: The Cable Guy.

Type B BloodSlide55

Work it out!!!Slide56

Sammy, you are NOT the father!

Waiter, you are NOT the father!

Neither one of you have any B alleles!

Two possible fathers: Billy the Businessman and the Cable GuySlide57

Case #2Slide58

The Mother – Type AB BloodSlide59

The Baby – Type B BloodSlide60

Before we look at the possible fathers, what are the mother and baby’s genotypes?Slide61

Mother

:

I

AIBBaby: IBIB, IBiSlide62

Possible Father # 1:Greg the teacher

Type O BloodSlide63

Possible Father #2:Anthony the Accountant

Type A BloodSlide64

Possible Father #3Brad the Barista

Type AB BloodSlide65

Possible Father #4Jose the Doctor

Type B BloodSlide66

Work

it out!!!Slide67

All of you could be the fathers!

All have either a B or O allele!!Slide68

Case #3Slide69

The Mother – Type O BloodSlide70

The Baby – Type AB BloodSlide71

Before we look at the possible fathers, what are the mother and baby’s genotypes?

Mother (Type O):

Baby (Type AB): Slide72

Mother: ii

Baby: I

A

IBSlide73

Possible Father #1: The Artist.

Type O BloodSlide74

Possible Father #2: Guy at the club.

Type AB BloodSlide75

Possible Father #3:Cabdriver.

Type A BloodSlide76

Possible Father #4:Jared the Flight Attendant.

Type B BloodSlide77

Work it out!!!Slide78

Mom, you are NOT the right mother!! They must have switched your baby at the hospital!Slide79

Mother: ii

Baby: I

A

IBSlide80

Independent Practice 15 MINSlide81

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Exit Ticket – EOC ATTACK!

A species of jungle chicken is

codominant

for red and white feathers. What color

would be expressed in the offspring

represented by the missing square below ifT is dominant for red feathers and t isrecessive for white feathers?

Red Pink WhiteSpeckled ( a mix of red and white) Slide82

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Simpsons Genetic Probability Worksheet