Somatic Effort in Dogwoods Week II Principles of Ecology BIOL 3060 Review Life history An organisms typical pattern of Growth amp Survival Reproduction Somatic effort Growthsurvival ID: 230825
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Slide1
Reproductive and
Somatic Effort
in DogwoodsWeek II
Principles of Ecology BIOL 3060Slide2
Review
Life historyAn organism’s typical pattern of :
Growth & SurvivalReproductionSomatic effortGrowth/survivalReproductive effortPhenotypic plasticityA single organism can have >1 phenotypeSpigot ModelReproduction only when somatic is topped-offSlide3
Age & ReproductionHO: The sunny side of trees growing on the edge of the forest will not have more flower buds per twig than on their shady side.
HA: The sunny side of trees growing on the edge of the forest will have more flower buds per twig than on their shady side.
Prediction:Individual life history is phenotypically plastic. Hypothesis 1Slide4
Age & Reproduction
HO: The number of flower buds per twig is not greater for trees in the sun than for those in the shade (forest interior). HA: The number of flower buds per twig is greater for trees in the sun than for those in the shade (forest interior).
Prediction:Increased energy leads to higher reproductive investment.Hypothesis 2Slide5
Age & ReproductionHO: Larger trees do not have more flower buds per twig than younger trees.
HA: Larger trees have more flower buds per twig than younger trees.Prediction:
Trees need to be a certain size before they reproduce; therefore, larger (older) trees should invest more energy in reproduction than smaller (younger) trees.Hypothesis 3Slide6
H
1
: % flower buds is greater on the sunny than shady side of roadside treesT-TESTX1 AVG % flower buds on the sunny side (roadside)X2 AVG % flower buds on the shady side (roadside)
Note: this is a
one-tailed
test, with 38 d.f.Slide7
H
2
: % flower buds is greater for trees in the sun than for those in the shadeT-TESTX1 AVG % flower buds in understoryX2
AVG
% flower buds on sunny side of roadside trees
Note: this is a
one-tailed
test, with 38 d.f.Slide8
Correlation
a)
If there is NO difference between % flower buds in sunny and shady environments:Correlation #1: % total flower buds on roadside and understory trees (y-axis) vs DBH (x-axis) b) If there IS a difference between % flower buds in sunny and shady environments:
Correlation #1: % total flower buds on
roadside
trees (y-axis)
vs
DBH (x-axis)
Correlation #2: % total flower buds on
understory
trees (y-axis)
vs
DBH (x-axis)
H
3
: % flower buds and tree age-size (
DBH
) are significantly positively correlatedSlide9
Why do we have conditional analysis?Slide10
Hypothesis & Prediction 3
H
3: % flower buds and tree age-size (DBH) are significantly positively correlatedWhat do you get?→ correlation coefficient: r -positive/negative relationship -significance of relationshipCORRELATION ANALYSISIf correlation (r) between mean % flower buds and DBH is positive, look up the significance
Note: (
n
1
-2) = d.f
.Slide11
Roadside Trees
Understory Trees (40)
Sunny-side (20)
Shady-side (20)
Total
Total
Total
Tree
DBH
Flower
Leaf
% Flr
Flower
Leaf
% Flr
Flower
Flower
Tree
DBH
Leaf
Flower
Flower
1
5
11
9
55%
5
15
25%
16
40%
1
3
31
9
23%
2
9
15
5
75%
10
10
50%
25
63%
2
8
25
15
38%
3
9
14
6
70%
9
11
45%
23
58%
3
8
25
15
38%
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
18
13
18
2
90%
13
7
65%
31
78%
18
7
18
22
55%
19
8
13
7
65%
19
1
95%
32
80%
19
7
23
17
43%
20
10
17
3
85%
12
8
60%
29
73%
20
5
4
36
90%
Mean
7.95
12.70
64%
10.80
54%
23.50
0.59
6.15
19.10
48%
S.D.
3.69
3.41
17%
3.68
18%
5.49
0.14
2.08
6.92
18%Slide12
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