Satellite Design Workshop - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Satellite Design WorkshopIIT DelhiCanSat: Can sized Satellite

Team garudaRunners up international cANsat competition

1Slide2

Session 1What is a Satellite-Intro to satellite- Subsystem of a satellite-Intro to CanSat

2Slide3

Intro to

cansatCanSat Is a Simulation of a Real SatelliteIt Performs a Mission and Collects DataTypical Missions Can Be Atmospheric Measurements, VideoCapture, Picture Taking, Communications, or NavigationThe Missions Can Be Simple or ComplexThe Only Requirement Is that the Mission Must Fit in a Twelve Ounce Soda CanThis Program will introduce you to How CanSat is BuiltIt Includes most subsystems

found in Satellites

3Slide4

TYPICAL CANSAT CONDITIONS

CanSat Shall Be Built to Fit in a Standard Soda Can– Diameter Is 130+/- 2 mmWeight is usually less than 700 gms.• No Parts of the CanSat Shall Extend Beyond the Surface of the Soda Can Until Deployed• CanSat Shall Operate off of Battery or Solar Power• CanSat Can Use Communications(usually RF communications)– Antennas Should Be Flexible.• A Parachute Shall Be Properly Secured to One End of the CanSat.4Slide5

Launch of

cansatCanSat Is Launched on a High-Powered Model Rocket– The Rocket Is 4” in Diameter andAbout 7’ Tall– Capable of Reaching Over a Mile inAltitude– CanSat Is Stowed in the UpperAirframe Below the Nose ConeThe Rocket Is Launched and When It

Reaches Apogee, the Rocket BreaksApart to Eject the Main Parachute– This Causes the Upper Portion ofthe Rocket to Point Down• The Nose Cone Will Fall Out and theCanSat Will Fall Afterwards• The Parachute Brings the

CanSat

Gently Back to Earth

5Slide6

Intro to satellite

“Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor” - Wikipedia“An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication” – Oxford DictionaryVarious Definitions for satellites have been given. Main concepts for the satellite –Orbit around the planet.Collects information for sending back to ground station.6Slide7

Satellite subsystems

A Satellite Is Made Up of Six Major Subsystems:Power SubsystemData Handling Unit/Ground Control SystemsCommunications SubsystemSensor Payload or SubsystemsStructureAttitude Control SubsystemFollowing slides will explain each subsystem in larger detail and will use <satellite name> as reference7Slide8

POWER SUBSYSTEM FOR SATELLITES

The Power Subsystem Provides Electrical Power to the Satellite. Usually, this is provided using solar panels.Solar Panels Are Comprised of Solar Cells, i.e., Semiconductor Devices Called Photovoltaic.Designers Select the Types of Solar Cells to Meet Their Power Requirements, Budget, Mass and Size.Various types of Batteries used in the power system are – Ni-Cd.NiH2 Li-Ion.The main precautions required in the design of the power system is the fault detection unit.8Slide9

DATA HANDLING UNIT FOR SATELLITES

The Data Handling Unit (DHU) Is a Computer That Controls the Flow of Data and Instructions.– It Controls Payloads and Collects Data From the Payloads– It Accepts Commands Received by the Communications System and Sends Data to the Communications System for Transmission to the Ground Station– It Is the Brains of the Satellite.9Slide10

COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM

The satellite usually contains a radio receiver for transmitting data to the ground system and receiving commands from the ground station.The Spacecraft Has a Transmitter Used to Send Telemetry (i.e.,the Name for Data Sent or “Down-Linked” From the Spacecraft).10Slide11

SENSOR PAYLOAD and SUBSYSTEMS

Payloads on a Satellite Are Generally Some Type of SensorIt Can Be a Radio Receiver Designed to Detect Certain types of SignalsIt Can Be a Camera Used to Take Pictures of the Earth in Various Light Spectrums. It Can Be Radiation Detectors, or Any Type of Sensor to Detect Something.The sensors are responsible for the navigation and control system.11Slide12

STRUCTURE AND ATTITUDE CONTROL

The structure of satellite is generally made of Al or other light-weight material.Attitude Control Systems Allow the Orientation of the Spacecraft to Be Controlled.12Slide13

Cansat Quiz13Slide14

CanSat quiz

Time Limit: 45 minutes14Slide15

Session 2Real NASA footage for launch to MARSComponents of CanSat15Slide16

Basic parts of

cansat system16Slide17

ELECTRIC POWER SUBSYSTEM

CanSat Batteries Kill switch/signalP&T Sensor(3.3V)Motor Driver(3.3V)

SD card(3.3V)

Buzzer(5V)

Voltage Measurement Hardware(9V)

Radio Transceiver(3.3V

GPS(3.3V)

Arduino

(9V)

3.3 V

Motor Driver(5V)

Motor(9V)

9V

9V

9V

5V

5V

on/off

17Slide18

ELECTRIC Power budget

The power budget is the allocation of power to be consumed by the components of the system.This requires the analysis of the power requirement of each of the components and is an integral part of the design of the power system.This is required to determine the distribution of power and total power required in the system.18Slide19

Antenna design – Link budget

The Antenna selection is done on the basis on Link Budget.Link Budget equation –PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX – LTX – LRX – 20log(4πd/λ)P: PowerG: GainL: loss in transmission or receiverThe last term accounts for channel loss19Slide20

Sensor subsystem

GPS Data(Sampling Rate: 1 Hz)

SD Card

BMP 085 (T&P sensor)

Sampling rate: 50 KHz

Xbee Radio

Battery Voltage

Electromechanical Deployment Mechanism + Aero-braking structure

FSW written on

Arduino Nano

(Payload)

Read GPS Data

Store data

Data Read

At 400m

Gather Data

MMA 7361

(Accelerometer)

(Sampling rate: 100 Hz)

after payload has landed

Impact Measurement

Transmit Data to

Ground

‘START’ to activate telemetry

Buzzer

To retrieve CanSat

20Slide21

Communication system

The Communications Subsystem Is a Transmitter Radio Used to transmit telemetry Which Is the Data Collected in the CanSat.This system allow the CanSat to send the data back to the Ground Station that can process the data to get relevant information.This is one of the most critical parts of the CanSat design that requires the knowledge of the CanSat, the Ground System as well as the channel.The following are the selection criterion:GainRangeFrequencyPrice21Slide22

MICRO-Controller SELECTION

The micro-controller is the main data handling unit for the CanSat.We are using an Arduino as the microcontroller unit for the CanSat.The selection is done considering the following outlined requirements: Arduino UnoArduino Mega 2560Arduino NanoProcessor Speed(MHz)161616Operating Voltage555Data Interface (D/A)14/654/1614/8Size(cm x cm)

6.5x5.210.1x5.24.3x1.85

Flash

Memory(kB)

32

128

32

Price(in USD)

25

65

50

22Slide23

Sensor trade & selection

Factors affecting sensor selection for a CanSat system: (in priority order)According to the desired operationOperating Frequency, accuracy, sensitivity, range of operationData interface requiredPower ConsumptionWeight, cost and dimensions23