The Dictatorship - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Dictatorship Of Mao Zedong/ Maon Tse-tung

By Jessica Avila and Leana GiananSlide2

Biography of MaoBorn on December 26, 1893He was born Shaoshan, in the Hunan province to a peasant family. He worked on his father’s farm after being expelled from school.

He didn’t get along with his fatherWho already mapped out a future for himHe left his home to study in the capital city of Hunan, Changsha. Slide3

Warlords Take Over ChinaThe Qing Dynasty collapsesEarly 1912 the Republic of China was established Sun Yatsen as president

Yuan Shikai hijacks the republican movementDeclared himself China’s presidentAttempted to find his own dynasty before being forced down.

Lacking a strong government, warlords begin to take over

Various regional warlords fought one another for supremacy. Slide4

Mao Becomes A CommunistThere were a number of foreign influences in ChangshaRadical students like Mao wanted to oust the provincial warlord who collaborated with foreigners.

Went to Peking to unsuccessfully lobby the governmentOn October 10, 1911, revolution broke out in Wuchang and quickly spread to other cities including Changsha. Slide5

Mao Becomes A CommunistIn 1918, Mao graduates from Hunan First Normal School and attends Beijing UniversityWhere he worked as an assistant librarian.Came to know about communist leaders and became drawn to their ideas.

Read up on Marxism and was convinced that it should be the philosophical basis of the Chinese RevolutionIt would also save China from poverty and backwardness.Slide6

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)In 1921, Mao became one of the dozen who established the Chinese Communist Party.Mao organized the branch in the Lin Changsha primary school, where he was principal.

The Comintern (Soviets) urges the CCP to join the Nationalists, or the Kuomintang.Formed by Sun YatsenSoviets wanted to help the nationalists get rid of Western influence in ChinaSlide7

The CCP and the KuomintangIn 1922, the CCP entered an alliance with the

Kuomintang.The nationalist and communists would work together in order to end civil war between warlords and unify the country. Slide8

Chiang Kai-shek After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek became the leader of the Nationalist party D

eclared “world revolution” and wished to benefit himself of Russian aid.But still he wanted to control his own “house”Therefore he expelled most communists from responsibilities in the party in May 1926

Mao left in October.Slide9

Split of Kuomintang and the CCPIn April 1927, the Peking authorities raided Russian premises and seized documents that revealed Moscow trying to overthrown Peking government.There were also soviet links with the Chinese communists.

Chiang Kai-shek organizes massacres of members of the CCPSlide10

CCP FleesIn 1927, Mao led an uprising against Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces but failed. Led to him rebuilding his army in the Jinggang Mountains

.Chiang Kai-Shek led military campaigns against the Communists. Slide11

The Long MarchKuomintang began a series of attacks against Mao in the mountainsLed to the Long March to Shaanxi province in 1934- 1935

Nationalists continued to attack the communists during the year-long trek.This would be a critical turning point in Mao’s life.The CCP had survived

Because of Mao’s leadership, the Communists power had been cemented.

Mao was made chairman of the CCPSlide12

The CCP GrowsMany revolutionists, disgusted by Chiang’s Nationalist government, went to Yan’an to join the CCP. Mao also redistributed land in the Yan’an area to the peasants. He transformed his army into a force of peasant soldiers

Who when not fighting, farmed Ensured self-sufficiency. Slide13

Mao Takes OverIn July 1937, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China.Chiang Kai-shek was forced into an alliance with the Communists.

There were still very little cooperation between the CCP and the KuomintangWhile the CCP formed small units and waged guerilla warfare against the Japanese, Chiang withdrew to remote Chongqing.By 1945, Mao won the support of peasants and Communist base areas had been established throughout the country. Slide14

Mao Takes OverCivil War erupted in October of 1945.Chiang had ordered his forces to attack the communists. Kuomintang troops controlled the cities

But Mao controlled the country sideHis mastery of guerilla tactics wore Chiang’s army down.In less than 5 years, the Communists defeated the Kuomintang.

Chiang and his remaining supporters were forced to flee to Taiwan. Slide15

The People’s Republic of ChinaOctober 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PCR)Mao realized that to build the nation, the cities had to lead and guide the countryside.

During 1949 – 1953, policies toward the cities focused on restoring order, rehabilitating economy, and above all, fix the disastrous inflation out of the urban economy. Slide16

Great Leap ForwardA program designed so China could “catch up” with the world’s leading economic powers.Done through sheer force of its people’s will and without foreign aid.

Mao decided that China could become a major steel producer if citizens set up homemade furnaces in their backyards. But much of the steel produced in the backyard furnaces were unusable. Led to famine and death of million of ChineseSlide17

Solidifying His PowerAfter the Great Leap Forward, Mao was forced to step down for a while. Party leaders sought to help China recover during this time by de-emphasizing political ideology and embracing practical strategies for economic development.

Mao never admits his mistakes in any of the ill-advised movements he initiated.Instead he blames intellectuals for failing him.Slide18

Great Leap ForwardIn response to the criticism he was facing, he issued the the call: “Never Forget the Class struggle.

Over the next 3 years, he started a nationwide Socialist Movement.Through which he successfully eliminated opponents in the party leadership.Slide19

Cultural RevolutionDarkest period in the history of the people’s republic of chinaMao launched mass movementsBecame more radical

Believed party members betrayed communist doctrineChinas educated people believed more in the old ways than the new ways brought by the communists.Slide20

Cultural RevolutionThe cultural movement was mainly pointed towards the teens and people in their twenties“The red guard”Red= communism

Purpose was to Guard communismAppeared at ralliesgreeted his supportersShouted slogans and praises

Fight capitalism and feudalism

“to rebel is justified”Slide21

Downside To Cultural RevolutionDestroyed a great deal of china’s heritageKilled and persecuted a large number of Chinese citizens

“Counter revolutionaries” or “capitalist roaders”Party membersIntellectuals

Government officialsSlide22

“Ten Year Of Calamity”Mao was praised with songs and dancesHis sayings were recorded in “The Little Red Book” Was carried everywhere by everyone and was quoted as many times deemed possible

Pictures of Mao were posted in every public building and householdAny type of disrespect towards Mao was punished by imprisonment or death be it intentional or not.Slide23

Jiang QingWas a former actress and art critic.One of the most powerful public figuresMarried Mao in 1939.

Had 2 daughters.She was responsible for presenting her family to the media and the members of the party’s leadership. She recruited her own base of allies.

Zhang Chun-qiao – the leader of the Communist party

Yao Wen-yuan - writerSlide24

Jiang QingBelieved that Chinese culture had been infected by ancient Chinese and Western influences.She publicly denounced many of China’s most popular plays and movies, and replaced them with her own works.

Which embodied the correct revolutionary ideals. Produced plays and operas to extol party line, and acted as the cultural advisor for the revolution.

Used the Red guards to attack many of her own political opponents.

Red guards targeted Western clothing, music, and literature.Slide25

QuestionAnalyze the methods used by a totalitarian regime to maintain power. Slide26

Jiang Qing Jiang QingFormer TV ActressVery popular Used her theatrical influence to change people’s minds about Mao.

Denounced popular plays and movies Created her own works with the correct revolutionary ideals.Slide27

Red GuardsThe youth groupsMaintained people’s beliefsDestroyed everything that symbolized China’s past or incorrect thoughts.Tortured those who didn’t respect in Mao and his beliefs. Slide28

CharmAppeared at ralliesgreeted his supportersShouted slogans and praises

Fight capitalism and feudalism“to rebel is justified”Slide29

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