Tropospheric ozone observations Chapter Writing Team contributors so far D Tarasick Lead I Galbally CoLead G Ancellet A Boynard P Cristofanelli M Coyle A ID: 466555
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Slide1
TOAR Chapter 2: Tropospheric ozone observations
Chapter Writing Team
(contributors so far):
D.
Tarasick
(Lead),
I.
Galbally
(Co-Lead), G.
Ancellet
, A
.
Boynard
,
P.
Cristofanelli
, M. Coyle, A
. Ding,
G.
Dufour
, Z. Fleming, G.
Foret
, A
.
Gaudel
, A. Thompson, B. Latter,
X. Liu, R. van
Malderen
, G. Miles, M.
Naja
, J.
Neu
, C
.
Vigouroux
, D. Parrish,
R.
Seguel
, J.
Staehlin
, M.
Steinbacher
, H
.
Tanimoto
,
V.
Thouret
, T. Wallington, H
. Worden, I.
Petropavlovskikh
,
J
.
Ziemke
, Slide2
Pioneering measurement techniques for ozone in the troposphere
Date
Method
Reference
1845
KI-Starch papers
Schoenbien
(1845)
1876
KI manual volumetric
Levy (1877)
1929
UV -
Umkehr
Inverse method
Goetz (1931)
1930
Long path UV
Fabry
and
Buisson
(1931)
1934
Balloon borne UV
Regener
and
Regener
(1934)
1941
Automatic KI
Gluckauf
et al. (1944)
1943
Aircraft observations
Ehmert
(1949)
1955
UV ozone-sondes
Paetzold
(1959)
1956
IR tropospheric ozone
Goody and
Walshaw
(1956)?
1958
KI ozone-sondes
Brewer and Milford (1960)
1960
Chemiluminescent ozone-sondes
Regener
(1960)
1970
Chemiluminescent surface ozone analysers
Warren and Babcock (1970)
1972
UV surface ozone analysers
Bowen and
Horak
(1972)
Tropospheric ozone
lidar
`
Pelon
and
Megie
(1982)
1979
Satellite tropospheric ozone measurements
Fishmann
et al. (1990)Slide3
Assessing past measurementsFour sets of criteria are proposed that will be used to evaluate these early datasets. These
are:
Instrumental
method (relationship to UV standard)
Effective sampling
(no local losses, interferences)
Representative measurements
(of the planetary boundary layer etc.)
Credibility (do they pass the laugh test?).Slide4
Key measurement methods (1845 – 1970)
Potassium Iodide (1845-present)
Stoichiometry dependent on pH, subject to interferences
Multiple variations of technique with different biases and
precisions
Comparisons of techniques
±
20
%
(typical);
±
50% (extreme)
Ultra
violet absorption (1931 – present)
Current standard (
BiPM
) since 1984 (IOC)
Ozone cross-sections range ± 10% (1931-1961); ± 2% (1961-present)
UV instruments in surface air
are specific
and stable
Chemiluminescent (1960-1990)
Not an absolute method, requires calibration
Ethylene instruments in surface air specific and relatively
stable
Chemiluminescent ozone-sondes subject to large variabilitySlide5
19th Century surface ozone record
Ozone filter papers – very low confidence in any derived concentrations
De Thierry (1897) made
from a window in a hotel attic in Chamonix
two 24 hour measurements of 18 ppb ozone, plus
on the glacier at Grands-
Mulets
(3020 m
) a measurement of 59 ppb ozone.
DRAFTSlide6
DRAFTSlide7
DRAFTSlide8
DRAFTSlide9
Looking forward
There is, for the pre
1975
period, probably more ozone data (perhaps 20%) and more instrument comparisons (perhaps as much again) in the literature and unpublished.
Twenty more strategically placed surface ozone stations would increase global coverage by x% (
Sofen
et al. 2016)
Multi-constituent long-term measurement programs are essential to testing atmospheric chemistry models.
The analysis here is a draft, more consultation needed.