PPT-Introduction to Epigenetics

BMICS 776 wwwbiostatwiscedubmi776 Spring 2019 Colin Dewey colindeweywiscedu These slides excluding thirdparty material are licensed under CC BYNC 40 by Anthony Gitter Mark Craven and Colin Dewey. When packed in a metaphase chromosome the DNA is compacted 5000 to 10000 fold Most if not all of the DNA is present in chromatin which is a complex of DNA with an equal weight of basic proteins called histones Histones are small proteins which are b :. DNA . methylation. II. DNA . methylation. in plants (Ch9). Differences between plants and animals. Auxotroph . vs. . heterotroph. Sessile . vs. . mobile. Motionless and rigid . vs. . migrating and flexible cells. Why does biology matter to social scientists?. Social experiences get biologically embedded. Blood analytes and biomarkers. Brain and Central Nervous System. Genome (e.g. epigenetics, gene expression, telomere length). :. DNA . methylation. I. Requirements for epigenetic materials. Need to be . transmitted faithfully . during mitosis and meiosis (possibly along with DNA). -> . cell need to have . maintenance mechanisms similar to semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication. Aimee Bernard. Greg Buck. Manuela Gardner. Erica Suchman. Jenny Taylor. Alan . Vajda. Facilitator: Tina Garza. Teachable Unit: Epigenetics. Tidbit: ‘Are you what your parents ate?’. The Tidbit within the . CpG. Island landscape. Héctor. Corrada Bravo. CMSC702 . Spring . 2013. (many slides courtesy of Rafael Irizarry). Genetics: the alphabet of life. Letters of DNA sequence carry the . information. How is this information read and parsed.. Dr. Brand Niemann. Director and Senior Data Scientist/Data Journalist. Semantic Community. http://semanticommunity.info/. http://www.meetup.com/Virginia-Big-Data-Meetup/. . http://www.meetup.com/Federal-Big-Data-Working-Group/. Same DNA, Different Cells. DNA contains the instructions for building all parts of the body.. Every one of your cells has the same DNA code and it doesn’t change over your lifetime.. Then what makes a skin cell different from a muscle cell different from a nerve cell?. Daniel Messinger. , Ph.D.. Messinger. Hmmm…. ‘Mothers . who were . pregnant during a 1944 famine in the . Netherlands. were . more likely to have children—and grandchildren—prone to heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. . . Samudra. K. . Wijeratne. , Ph.D.. Dept. of Nutrition and Health Sciences, UNL. Processes in . Epigenetics. The . study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA . http://www.knowabouthealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/mcdonalds_.jpg. http://emilyscarenhealth.wordpress.com/2011/10/04/attention-a-must-read-for-smokers/. Can “. nuture. ” change “nature” ?. One twin is large . at birth and has an. enlarged tongue and hypoglycemia. . The other twin appears normal.. . What could. be causing . these profound clinical differences between 2 infants who are. Epigenetics comprises (hereditary) changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence . Epigenetics is a biological subdiscipline that deals with questions of development, heredity, gene regulation and evolution . ‘Epi’: On top of. . Definition:. The . study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.. DNA. How many cell types are in the human body?.