PPT-Introduction to epigenetics: chromatin modifications, DNA m

CpG Island landscape Héctor Corrada Bravo CMSC702 Spring 2013 many slides courtesy of Rafael Irizarry Genetics the alphabet of life Letters of DNA sequence carry the information How is this information read and parsed. CpG. Island . landscape (part 2). Héctor. Corrada Bravo. CMSC858P Spring 2012. (many slides courtesy of Rafael Irizarry). How do we measure DNA methylation?. Microarray Data. One question…. Where do we measure? . Joo. ’ Kim. Louisiana State University. What is . Epigenetics. ?. “the study of mitotically and/or . meiotically. heritable changes in gene function that can not be explained . by changes . in DNA sequences” – (Riggs et al. 1996). Waddington, 1942. “The study of any potentially stable, and ideally, heritable change in gene expression or cellular phenotype that occurs without changes in Watson-Crick base-pairing of . DNA” . Most DNA is wrapped around a “histone core”, to form nucleosomes. The classical histone protein complexes bind very tightly to DNA and prevent association with other proteins. Modifications of the classical histones, or their replacement with unusual histone types under certain conditions, can “loosen” the interaction with DNA, allowing access to transcription factors, RNA polymerase, and other proteins . Dr.. Karzan Mohammad. Chromatin. Eukaryotic DNA is closely associated with . proteins, . creating . chromatin. . Of two types:. Heterochromatin. Euchromatin. Chromatin. Euchromatin. Actively transcribed. Nucleosome. A packaging unit for DNA (=H3/H4 tetramer + two sets of H2A/H2B . dimer. ). DNA (- charge) and . histones. (+ charge) . histones. = tails and globular domains. Higher-Order Packaging of Chromatins. Chromatin-binding factorshistone macromolecules that bind either directly or indirectly to DNA.Transcription factorhistone protein that directly binds to DNA.Architectural proteinsProteins that have a Thimo Rohlf 1,4 , Lydia Steiner 1,2 , Jens Przybilla 1 , Sonja Prohaska 2 , Hans Binder 1,3 and Jörg Galle 1 * 1 Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics of Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Genome in eukaryotes is large enough to be accommodated in tiny nucleus. It is required to achieve high degree of compaction for getting into the nucleus. Compaction is achieved by folding the DNA in ZOO LOGY Cell Biology Cell Regulatory Mechanisms : Chromatin Remodeling 1 Development Team Paper Coordinat or: Prof. Kuldeep K. Sharma Department of Zoology, University of Jammu Principal Investigat JABLONKA & LAMB: CHANGING CONCEPT OF EPIGENETICSment. We will then consider the practical importance of epigenetics in med-icine, agriculture, and ecology and, finally, look at the implications thatre 1. Bioinformatics III. X-ray structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of core histones, and DNA. Top view.. www.wikipedia.org. Side view shows two windings of DNA and two histone layers. The DNA of eukaryotic organisms is packaged into chromatin, whose basic repeating unit is the . ‘Epi’: On top of. . Definition:. The . study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.. DNA. How many cell types are in the human body?. . phase. . separation. (LLPS) under . physiologic. . conditions. Linker. DNA . length. and . patterning. , . histone. H1, and . acetylation. modulate . chromatin. LLPS. Acetylated. . chromatin.