1512Sistine Chapel is finished 1517Luther posts the 95 Theses When we left off I have given you Adam neither a predetermined place nor a particular aspect nor any special prerogatives commands in order that you may take and possess these through your own decision and ID: 775606
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Slide1
Historical context:
1453—Hundred Years’ War ends
1512—Sistine Chapel is finished
1517—Luther posts the 95 Theses
Slide2When we left off????
Slide3“I have given you Adam, neither a predetermined place nor a particular aspect nor any special prerogatives [commands] in order that you may take and possess these through your own decision and
choice….You
shall determine your own nature without constraint from any barrier, by means of the freedom to whose power I have entrusted you
….mold
and fashion yourself into that form you yourself shall have chosen.”
Oration
on the Dignity of Man
(
1486)
Giovanni Pico dell
Mirandola
Image
Creation of Adam
by Michelangelo
Slide4Renaissance
Causes:HumanismMedieval vs. Modern Mindset“Pursuit of worldly pleasures”Why Italy?City-statesWealthy merchants“Patron”Medici, PapacyGreco-Roman influence
Cosimo
de Medici1434-1464
Lorenzo de Medici
1469-1492
School of Athens
-Raphael
Sanzio
1508
Slide5Renaissance: Art/Literature
“Renaissance Man”ArtShift in focus (from religion)PerspectiveVanishing PointLiteratureVernacularPetrarch“Dark Age”Petrarchan/Italian SonnetNiccolo Machiavelli
Leonardo
da Vinci
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
Niccolo Machiavelli
“Laura”
Petrarch
Slide6Marriage of the Virgin
-Raphael Sanzio1504
Reconstruction of the temple of Jerusalem
Slide7Slide8Machiavelli’s The Prince(1513)
“Father of Political Science… political realist…divorced politics from theology”vs. medieval theory that a ruler could only exercise power if it contributed to the common good and should emulate Christian morals”
Slide9Machiavelli’s The Prince(1513)
Machiavelli got a role in government, ended up as high civil servant, sent on some diplomatic missions and military operationsSpanish invaded and he was arrested, tortured, and eventually exiled During this period (he’s in his 40s) he begins his philosophical/political writing, including The PrinceDedicated to Lorenzo de Medici
Slide10Northern Renaissance
Flanders, England, France, Germany—1450’s
Causes:Growth of citiesPlague, end of Hundred Years’ War Wealthy merchant class (Flanders) Trade/TextilesFrench and English MonarchsPrinting PressJohann GutenbergGutenberg Bible (1455)
Slide11Slide12Northern Renaissance
Christian/Northern HumanismDesidarius Erasmus (1466-1536), Holland“Laid the egg that Luther hatched”“inner piety”Thomas More (1487-1535)UtopiaEnglish Renaissance“Elizabethan Age”William Shakespeare
Thomas More (Holbein)
Slide13Seeds of the Reformation
InquisitionHeresy/HereticJohn Wycliffe (1328-1384)EnglishJan Hus (1374-1415)Bohemia (Czech Rep.)Excommunication (1412)Reconquista (1100s-1492)
John Hus
John Wycliffe
Slide14Reformation
Causes of the Reformation:Secularism and HumanismPrinting PressPolitical challengers to the ChurchResistance to TaxationCorruptionIndulgencesPluralismSimonyCelibate???
Vatican City
Slide15Martin Luther
Reformation
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Am I saved????Grace vs. Works“Justification by faith”Johann TetzelIndulgences“pardon merchants”95 Theses (1517)Other New TeachingsSuperiority of the Bible“Priesthood of all believers”vs. Intercession
Johann Tetzel
Slide1695 Theses
5. The
pope has neither the will nor the power to remit
any
penalties
beyond
those imposed
either at his
own discretion or
by canon
law
.
20. Therefore
the pope, in speaking of the
plenary
remission
of all penalties, does not mean "all" in the strict sense, but only those imposed by himself
.
21. Hence
those who preach indulgences are in error when they say that a man is absolved and saved from every penalty
by the pope's indulgences.
27. There
is
no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory
immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
28. It
is certainly possible that
when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice and greed increase
; but when the church offers intercession, all depends in the will of God
.
Slide1795 Theses
82. They ask, e.g.:
Why does not the pope liberate everyone from purgatory for the sake of love
(a most holy thing) and because of the supreme necessity of their souls? This would be morally the best of all reasons. Meanwhile
he redeems innumerable souls for money, a most perishable thing, with which to build St. Peter's church
, a very minor purpose.
86. Again: since the pope's income
today
is larger than that of the wealthiest of wealthy men,
why does he not build this one church of St. Peter with his own money
, rather than with the money of indigent believers?
Slide18Reformation: Conflict
Church Response:Leo XCharles V (HRE)Edict of Worms (1521)Prince Frederick of SaxonyCivil War (1522-1555)“Protestants”Peasant Revolt (1524)Augsburg Confession (1530)LutheranismWhy kings and merchants?Peace of Augsburg (1555)Allowed Lutheranism…not Calvinism
Leo
X
(r. 1513-1521)
Slide19Reformation: Protestant sects
Huldrych Zwingli (Swiss)TransubstantiationAnabaptists radical reformersJohn Calvin (French, 1509-1564)Predestination“damned” vs. “elect”HuguenotsReformed branchJohn Knox (Scotland)Presbyterians
Slide20Luther vs. Zwingli
Matthew 26—
26
While they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to his disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is my body.”
27
Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you.
28
This is my blood of
the
covenant
, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.
29
I tell you, I will not drink from this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom
.”
Slide21Reformation: England
Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)Catherine of Aragon MaryAnne Boleyn (1533) ElizabethJayne Seymour (1537)Edward3 others…AnnulAct of Supremacy (1534)“organizational vs. doctrinal reformation”Treason Act—Thomas More
Henry VIII
Slide22Reformation: England
Edward VI (r.1547-1553)Mary (r.1553-1558)Philip II of SpainElizabeth I (r. 1558-1603)New Act of Supremacy—”religious pragmatism”
Elizabeth I
Slide23Catholic (Counter) Reformation
Pope Paul III (r.1534-1549)Jesuits—Ignatius of LoyolaSchoolsMissionariesCouncil of Trent (1545-1563)Pope Paul IVForbidden Books (1559)
Ignatius of Loyola
Council of Trent
Slide241. Boston College 2. Canisius College 3. College of the Holy Cross 4. Creighton University 5. Fairfield University 6. Fordham University 7. Georgetown University 8. Gonzaga University 9. John Carroll University 10. Le Moyne College 11. Loyola Marymount University 12. Loyola University Chicago 13. Loyola University Maryland 14. Loyola University New Orleans 15. Marquette University 16. Regis University 17. Rockhurst University 18. Saint Joseph's University 19. Saint Louis University 20. Saint Peter's College 21. Santa Clara University 22. Seattle University 23. Spring Hill College 24. University of Detroit Mercy 25. University of San Francisco 26. University of Scranton 27. Wheeling Jesuit University 28. Xavier University
Jesuit Universities
Slide25Practice Quiz
Name of pieceName of artist
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
Slide26In this unit I think…
these are the two most important people.
these are the two most important concepts.
these are the two most important dates to remember.
this is the most likely discussion question.
these are the three most important vocabulary words.
this is the most important piece of art/architecture.
…why is as important as what!!!
Slide27