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Lesson Plan — 60 Minutes Хичээлийн төлөвлөгөө 5 Warm-up & Sound System The 3 sounds English speakers get wrong 10 Numbers 0–10 Core vocabulary + drilling 8 Tens: 20–100 Pattern recognition 12 GRAMMAR: Attributive Form Why арав becomes арван 8 Big Numbers & Counting Nouns зуу, мянга, сая + the -н rule 7 Ordinals & Question Words дахь / дэх, хэдэн, хэд 10 Practice & Homework Age, price, phone, time<br>
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1 Before We Count: Three Sounds Дуудлагын гурван бэрхшээл · 5 min ө döröv (4) Rounded front vowel — say English "err" with lips pursed tight, as in German schön. It is NOT the "o" of "dog." х khoyor (2) Voiceless velar fricative — the ch of Scottish loch or German Bach. Air scrapes at the back of the throat. Never a plain English "h." ь хорь (20), тавь (50) The soft sign. It is silent — it palatalises the consonant before it. хорь ends "hor-y", not "hori." Stress in Mongolian always falls on the FIRST syllable. There are no exceptions worth teaching at A1.<br>
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2 Numbers 0–10 Үндсэн тоо · 10 min 0 тэг teg 1 нэг neg 2 хоёр KHO-yor 3 гурав GU-rav 4 дөрөв DÖ-röv 5 тав tav 6 зургаа ZUR-gaa 7 долоо DO-loo 8 найм naim 9 ес yos 10 арав A-rav Order Drill 1–5 first
Then 6–10
Then mix at random<br>
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3 The Tens: 20–100 Аравтын тоо · 8 min 20 хорь khori 30 гуч guch 40 дөч döch 50 тавь tavi 60 жар jar 70 дал dal 80 ная nay 90 ер yer 100 зуу zuu Notice the roots гурав (3) → гуч (30) · дөрөв (4) → дөч (40) · тав (5) → тавь (50) · ес (9) → ер (90)
Some tens are visibly built from their unit; жар (60), дал (70), ная (80) are not — memorise those.<br>
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GRAMMAR POINT 1 The Attributive Form Тодотгон холбогдох хэлбэр A Mongolian numeral changes shape when something follows it.
This single rule governs compound numbers, counting nouns, and ages alike. арав ▼ арван + н<br>
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4 Standalone vs. Attributive Дан хэлбэр ба тодотгол хэлбэр · 12 min The rule Add -н (or -ин) to the ten when a unit, a noun, or a classifier follows it.
Say the ten, then the unit. There is no word for "and." Contrast "Арав." — Ten. (counting aloud)
"Арван ном." — Ten books.
✗ "Арав ном" is ungrammatical.
"Хорин гурван хүн." — 23 people. Both parts take -н.<br>
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5 Building a Number, Step by Step Нийлмэл тоо бүтээх · worked example 47 books 1 40 = дөч Start with the standalone ten 2 → дөчин A unit follows, so add -ин 3 7 = долоо → долоон A noun follows, so the unit takes -н too 4 дөчин долоон ном Forty-seven books Now you try · Одоо та хийж үзээрэй 62 horses жаран хоёр морь 85 tugrik наян таван төгрөг 31 students гучин нэгэн оюутан 99 sheep ерэн есөн хонь Note: нэг → нэгэн and тав → таван and ес → есөн — the units take the attributive suffix in vowel harmony with their own stem.<br>
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6 Hundreds, Thousands, Millions Зуу, мянга, сая · 8 min Read left to right, no "and" 248 → хоёр зуун дөчин найм
two hundred forty eight
1,500 → нэг мянга таван зуу
one thousand five hundred
2026 → хоёр мянга хорин зургаа
the current year Money — the one you will use every day Гурван мянган төгрөг. = 3,000 tugrik. · Таван зуун төгрөг. = 500 tugrik.
мянга → мянган before төгрөг, because a noun follows. This is the same attributive rule from slide 4 — it never stops applying.<br>
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7 Ordinals & Asking Questions Дэс тоо ба асуух үг · 7 min Ordinals · Дэс тоо Add -дугаар / -дүгээр to the number stem. The choice follows vowel harmony: back vowels take -дугаар, front and rounded vowels take -дүгээр. 1st нэгдүгээр 2nd хоёрдугаар 3rd гуравдугаар 4th дөрөвдүгээр 5th тавдугаар 10th аравдугаар Months are literally ordinals: Нэгдүгээр сар = "1st month" = January. Гуравдугаар сар = March.
Эр үг (masculine) — а, о, у эгшигтэй үгс. or back-vowel word
Эм үг (feminine) — э, ө, ү эгшигтэй үгс. or front-vowel words
Саармаг (neutral) — "и" эгшиг Question words · Асуух үг хэд? how much / what number? Ямар тоо? Standalone. Хэд вэ? — What is it? хэдэн? how many + NOUN? Attributive form — used before a noun. Хэдэн ном? — How many books? ямар үнэтэй вэ? /Хэд вэ?/ how much does it cost? Энэ ямар үнэтэй вэ? — How much is this? Чи/Та хэдэн настай вэ? how old? Та хэдэн настай вэ? — How old are you? хэд / хэдэн is the same standalone-vs-attributive split as арав / арван.<br>
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8 Practice Activities Дасгал · 10 min A Number Bingo 5×5 grid, 1–50. Teacher calls in Mongolian only. First full row wins. Forces listening under time pressure. 4 min B Phone Dictation Pairs exchange 8-digit numbers digit by digit. Partner reads it back. Catches ө and х errors instantly. 3 min C Market Roleplay Price tags on realia. "Энэ ямар үнэтэй вэ?" → "Гурван мянган төгрөг." Forces the attributive form. 3 min D Age Chain Circle. "Та хэдэн настай вэ?" → "Би гучин настай." Then ask your neighbour. Optional if time runs short. extra<br>
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9 Errors to Correct on the Spot Түгээмэл алдаа Every error on this slide is the same error: the learner used the standalone form where the attributive form was required. Teach the rule once; correct it everywhere.<br>
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Homework · Гэрийн даалгавар 1 Write 1–20 in Mongolian script, standalone form. 2 Write the same 1–20 in attributive form, each followed by ном. 3 Write your phone number and your age in words. 4 Write three prices you paid this week in төгрөг, in words. 5 Record yourself counting 1–30. Focus on ө and х, р. Take away арав counting aloud арван ном everything else Баярлалаа! · Thank you!<br>
